Productivity and Cost Competitiveness †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Productivity and Cost Competitiveness. Answer: Presentation Delta is an eminent American carriers organization which is headquartered at Atlanta Georgia. The association works practically more than 5400 trips in a consistent schedule and they serve a local just as global system that includes more than 310 goals across 54 countries (David Mc, 2013). The primary reason for this report is to feature that the association is utilizing constant information produced in the airplane for the advantages of the clients and to fulfill them without limit, pointing cornering the business. United States carrier organization Delta attempts to crush out the most advantages from the ongoing information accumulated by the airplane for the advancement of client security and fulfillment (Oum Yu, 2012). Consequently, the association is utilizing a device to furnish the pilots with fundamental data and the degree of their flying and landing abilities. The association expects to give the clients more fulfillment and greater security for their improvement and the general advancement of the association (Moreno-Hines Kirkman, 2013). The association is additionally taking up some other projects utilizing the continuous information for the advantages of the clients. Delta carriers are focusing to accomplish the most consumer loyalty level than some other aircrafts organization, as they need to hoard the market. The association is as of now attempting to utilize the continuous information to fulfill their clients to the following level (Oum Yu, 2012). The association can utilize these information for gather and break down methodology, so they can investigate in excess of 150 factors in the client profile and they can give profoundly customized offers. A standard 6 hours flight produces information of over 240 terabytes sensor information and Delta having all that anyone could need airplanes they get a ton of information, which can be utilized for improvement of the clients (Steven, Dong Dresner, 2012). The data from the information permits the association to identify the issues that can emerge in future and the ass ociation would profit by that for giving a smooth trip to the entirety of its clients. The association now and then uses information to investigate the clients buy action and consequently they can offer them customized offers (Moreno-Hines Kirkman, 2013). The large information likewise permits the association to recognize some particular client practices and they can decide the inclinations of those clients with the goal that they can give the best help they can expect (Yee Liau Pei Tan, 2014). The enormous information likewise permits the association to settle on key choices to pant the market by effectively pulling in the clients for picking their association for voyaging (Lee Worthington, 2014). End Along these lines to finish up, it tends to be said that, the association Delta Airlines of United States of America is attempting to lessen the unsafe factors and upgrading the fulfillment level of the clients to turn into the best carriers organization in America. They are additionally looking at to set an achievement for different aircrafts associations to follow. It can likewise be said that, Delta is making a decent attempt for innovative headway to furnish the clients with the solace level that is past their desire alongside for the improvement of the security issues. References Moreno-Hines, F., Kirkman, D. (2013, June). Evaluating the NextGen Avionics Business Case from the Airline Perspective. InTenth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2013). Oum, T. H., Yu, C. (2012).Winning aircrafts: Productivity and cost seriousness of the universes significant carriers. Springer Science Business Media. Steven, A. B., Dong, Y., Dresner, M. (2012). Linkages between client assistance, consumer loyalty and execution in the aircraft business: Investigation of non-linearities and directing effects.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(4), 743-754. Yee Liau, B., Pei Tan, P. (2014). Picking up client information in ease aircrafts through content mining.Industrial Management Data Systems,114(9), 1344-1359.

Twenty First Century Free Essays

Twenty-first Century Skill: Trading Carbon CreditsPublished:| June 8, 2011| Author:| Julia Hanna| Cap and exchange has become an inexorably well known system which is utilized by governments to expand green conduct and to cut corporate contamination. this article told, the understudies at Harvard Business School utilize a reenactment to figure out how it functions and incorporates a meeting with educator Peter Coles. In ventures it’s extremely essential to realize how top and exchange Works and as a result of that a Harvard Business School teacher, Peter Coles, offers his understudies a chance to encounter the carbon exchanging reenactment. We will compose a custom article test on Twenty First Century or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now He has utilized the reenactment in the elective course â€Å"Managing Networked Businesses and the doctoral course Market Design†. The essential idea is a top which is determined to carbon emanations. Understudies are needed to attempt to rise benefits with clean advancements. With the goal that we can say the reproduction gives a homeroom experience to understudies to see the effect of various structure standards in the top and-exchange instrument. From the outset no one comprehends what the fitting grant cost is so they are in an unknowledge and stronghold his circumstance, Coles says, â€Å"Those who settle on poor decisions feel the results of value vulnerability most deeply†. One of the concrete processing plant chiefs starts without any grants. While that may appear to be unreasonable, it’s a condition that mirrors reality. â€Å"Typically, these licenses are grandfathered,† Coles says. â€Å"They go to occupant firms with the best lobbyists, while the new person faces a daunting task. † Sometimes gatherings will find that the value drops to zero, upsetting understudies who are left with out of nowhere useless licenses. In different occasions, the value rises significantly. The two limits offer valuable conversation points,† says Coles, noticing that the Europe Union encountered a value breakdown in 2006 that called the security of the whole market into question. â€Å"As a class we can discuss whether a value breakdown is actually an issue, and provided that this is true, what would we be able to do to fix it. A basic arrangement would be to not issue such a large number of licenses, which is actually quite difficult. Another is to permit unused licenses to be banked for future periods, while a third is set up a legislature forced floor or roof on rading costs that would shield firms from those limits. † The benefit point The benefit driven conduct of the concrete production line directors in the long run makes a reasonable â€Å"aha! † second. â€Å"No one is considering effective decrease of contamination during the activity, and that is actually the general purpose of the top and-exchange scheme,† Coles says. â€Å"A property right is allocated to deliver a specific measure of contamination and afterward showcase standards go to work. A short time later, in conversation, we take a gander at what’s occurred and see that we’ve held contamination to the top level extraordinarily effectively. In the conversation, he includes, it’s conceivable to experience the math behind the dynamic and the job of minimal expense of reduction in arriving at this point. Understud ies consider other market configuration factors during the questioning meeting, for example, deciding how to set starting license distributions. As referenced, grandfathering would give officeholder firms a bit of leeway; different alternatives incorporate unloading licenses to the most elevated bidders, or evaluating each firm’s tasks by size and industry and afterward assessing benchmark contamination levels; if a firm surpassed those levels, it would need to purchase extra allows. Exchanging the United States While the United States hasn’t partaken in worldwide carbon top and-exchange plans, Coles takes note of that it has since quite a while ago had exchanging programs for sulfur and nitrogen oxides, the outflows that cause exhaust cloud and corrosive downpour. â€Å"Our ‘SOx’ and ‘NOx’ markets are well working. It’s a simpler issue to explain on the grounds that it’s an increasingly neighborhood contamination. On the other hand, if China, the United States, and India choose not to join a worldwide carbon exchanging plan, Europe’s endeavors may seem meager in decreasing a dangerous atmospheric devation. More awful, if top and exchange places European firms at a changeless burden in the worldwide market, this may additionally disintegrate European industry support. † Using a recreation to get a handle on the mechanics and monetary efficiencies of top and exchange is one issue. In any case, considering in the complexities of worldwide governmental issues? Coles has been considering an expansion of the reproduction, where the United States joins the European Union’s carbon advertise as a methods for testing what happens when markets are connected. There will likely never be a recreation that catches and precisely predicts the complexities of eopoliticsâ€but it’s a beginning. Top and exchange has become an inexorably well known system which is utilized by governments to build green conduct and to cut corporate contamination. this article told, the understudies at Harvard Business School utilize a recreation to figure out how it functions and incorporates a meeting with teacher Peter Coles. In enterprises it’s extremely critical to realize how top and exchange Works and in light of that a Harvard Business School educator, Peter Coles, offers his understudies a chance to encounter the carbon exchanging reproduction. He has utilized the reproduction in the elective course â€Å"Managing Networked Businesses and the doctoral course Market Design†. The essential idea is a top which is determined to carbon emanations. Understudies are needed to attempt to rise benefits with clean innovations. With the goal that we can say the recreation gives a study hall experience to understudies to see the effect of various plan standards in the top and-exchange instrument. From the start no one recognizes what the proper grant cost is so they are in an unknowledge and fortification his circumstance, Coles says, â€Å"Those who settle on poor decisions feel the results of value vulnerability most deeply†. One of the concrete manufacturing plant directors starts without any grants. While that may appear to be uncalled for, it’s a condition that mirrors reality. Some of the time gatherings will find that the value drops to zero, upsetting understudies who are left with abruptly useless licenses. In different occasions, the value rises drastically. â€Å"Both limits offer helpful conversation points,† says Coles The benefit driven conduct of the concrete industrial facility administrators inevitably makes an unmistakable â€Å"aha! † second. Utilizing a reproduction to get a handle on the mechanics and monetary efficiencies of top and exchange is one issue. Yet, calculating in the complexities of worldwide legislative issues? Coles has been contemplating an expansion of the reproduction, where the United States joins the European Union’s carbon showcase as a methods for testing what happens when markets are connected. There will likely never be a reenactment that catches and precisely predicts the complexities of geopoliticsâ€but it’s a beginning. The most effective method to refer to Twenty First Century, Essay models

Giving Compliments When You Have SAD

Giving Compliments When You Have SAD Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Print Giving Compliments When You Have SAD By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 11, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 29, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Compliments should be sincere. Pixabay / PublicDomainPictures / 18043 Images Compliments are less likely to be given by people who suffer from social anxiety than those who are naturally comfortable in social situations. However, by learning the rules of giving good compliments, and putting them into practice daily, you can become just as adept at giving praise. Giving compliments is an important social skill to learn because it is a great way to start conversations, develop social bonds and reduce anxiety about communicating. 9 Steps to Giving Great Compliments Dont give out compliments randomly. You should genuinely  believe the compliment or it will come across as insincere.Give specific rather than general compliments. Instead of Your kitchen looks great, say something like, Your kitchen looks great, I really like your new cabinetry and hardware.Just as in receiving compliments, giving compliments helps you start a conversation. You might add in, Where did you get the cabinets from or Who installed your kitchen?Consider the setting and your relationship with the person to make sure that the compliment is appropriate. Comments of a personal nature should only be offered to close friends in private settings.Use creative and unusual words instead of everyday ones. Which would stay with you longerâ€"Your new dress is really nice or Your new dress is fabulous! I love the fabric, it is really eye-catching!Take opportunities to compliment character traits  rather than appearance, as these types of compliments are rarely heard. For example, comp liment a mother on her compassion for her children or a teacher on his ability to keep students motivated.Be willing to give constructive criticism. Compliments  mean more when the other person knows that you arent afraid to also be honest about faults.Dont be afraid to compliment people in authority. People in power tend to receive fewer compliments and you might be pleasantly surprised at the response you receiveâ€"the person will probably welcome the positive feedback.When complimenting someone with low self-esteem, it may be better to avoid inflated praise and to compliment behavior rather than personal characteristics. Research has shown that when children with low self-esteem are given inflated praise or praise about their personal characteristics, it tends to backfire, making them worry about future failures or avoid future challenges. Once you have mastered the art of giving compliments, you may find that you are also better at gracefully receiving compliments. Remember, whether giving or receiving, compliments should always be a positive experience. Research on Compliments and Social Anxiety Disorder In one small study of 17 individuals with generalized social phobia from 2008, it was shown that those with the disorder had physiological reactions to negative comments (criticism) but not to positive or neutral comments. While you cant control what others say to youâ€"why not consider controlling what you say to yourself? Negative thoughts are not that different from criticism from others. Think of it this way: every time you think a negative thought about yourself, you are potentially causing yourself distress. Instead, try thinking positive or neutral thoughts about yourself to promote better emotional stability and well-being. Catch yourself every time you have a negative thought about yourself, and replace it with a positive or neutral one. While at first, this might feel awkward, over time it will become more automatic.

Invisibility in Invisible Man - 1352 Words

Invisibility in Invisible Man In order to analyze Invisible Man on any level one mush first come to terms with Ellisons definition of invisible. To Ellison invisible is not merely a faux representation to the senses; in actuality, it is the embodiment of not being. This simply means that for Ellison, his main character is not just out of sight, but he is completely unperceivable. The assertion that the Negro is relegated to some sub-section of society is nothing new; however, never before has an author so vividly depicted the colors that paint said Negro out of the public picture. The narrator of Invisible Man is a generic individual scorned by humanity; he is a place holder representing the Negro who so often is physically†¦show more content†¦It can be said that often times the narrator will alter his speech for the effect it will have on his audience. The aforementioned example (clearly outlined as a mistake) reveals insight into the narrators plight. It is a derisive ploy by Ellison; turning the narrators chief ability, his voice, into the vehicle that drives him farther away from his true identity. The irony runs deep in Invisible Man. On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. (Not that I believed that worked.) (17) The narrator by his own admission reveals that from an early age he was programmed to say what fit in the moment. Upon reading this the reader is not surprised because again by his own admission he is a wayward soul. All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what it was. I accepted their answers too, though they were often contradiction and even self-contradictoryÂ… I was looking for myself, and asking everyone except myself, questions which I, and only I, could answer. (15). At the end of the spectrum the narrator realizes that he never actually is aware of himself. It is fo r that reason that he is unable to convey to others the worth of his existence. The narrator is essentially never accepted for who he really is. Mary Rambo is the only character in the Invisible Man that even partially accepts the narrator for who heShow MoreRelatedBlindness And Invisibility : The Invisible Man1401 Words   |  6 PagesBlindness and invisibility are the two concepts that are discussed regardless of racism and the position one tends to manage between individuality and community. In Ellison’s The Invisible Man , he not only show the oppression of the whites over the blacks as superiors in which makes the black people invisible, but also the black’s blindness to revolve against his marginal state and his incapability to conceiving whites as individuals. Being blind of invisible is not only based on the way whichRead More Invisible Man Essay: Identity and Invisibility1164 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity and Invisibility in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not necessary to be a racist to impose invisibility upon another person. Ignoring someone or acting as if we had not seen him or her, because they make us feel uncomfortable, is the same as pretending that he or she does not exist. Invisibility is what the main character of Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man called it when others would not recognize or acknowledge him as a person.    The narrator describes his invisibility by sayingRead More Invisible Man Essay: The Phases of Invisibility2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe Phases of Invisibility in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be invisible is to be unable to be seen by anyone without artificial aid.   The invisible man is more impossible to locate than the proverbial needle in a haystack.   In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, the main character, I., progresses through various phases of symbolic invisibility.      The story begins with I. recounting the various steps and incidents that led him to realize his invisibility.   I.s grandfather was a meek and humbleRead More Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay3861 Words   |  16 PagesInvisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚   Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellisons nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel.   With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobdens office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream.   For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they haveRead MoreInvisibility in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesMost commonly in literature, the concept of invisibility is taken to the extreme effect of being physically transparent and unseen by anyone. In popular media, the hero is also often portrayed as being invisible, going behind the enemys back to complete his or her mission. In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, this view of invisibility is reversed; rather than being invisible and getting noticed, a man is in plain sight of everyone- however, due to a slew of stereotypes and prejudices, nobody recognizesRead More Ellisons Invisible Man: Invisibility, Vision, and Identity as Motifs749 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Ellison incorporates many symbols into this novel, each providing a unique perspective on the narrative and supporting the themes of invisibility, vision and identity. These themes can many times generally symbolize the strength of the subconscious mind. In this novel I think that there are several visions that symbolize the narrator’s escape from reality, seeking comfort in memories of his childhood or times at the college, often occurring as he fades into his music. Ellison coincidencesRead MoreSignificance of the Narrators Invisibility in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man676 Words   |  3 PagesThe narrator’s invisibility first comes up in Chapter One, where he is invited to a community meeting consisting of prestigious white citizens. He comes to this meeting believing that he is to give a speech to repre sent his high school. He believes that in dictating a speech, the narrator will be recognized by the white community for his intelligence. Unfortunately, he is turned into entertainment when he is forced to fight in a â€Å"battle royal† with other black men. After being beaten blindfoldedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Motif Of Black Invisibility, By Michelle Cliff s Free Enterprise And Invisible Man Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Blackness†: An Invisible Disposition Explored Through Free Enterprise and Invisible Man As observed throughout history and various societies, the notion of a â€Å"racial hierarchy† proves to be a superficial design which ultimately assigns value to a group of people based solely upon their skin color. As a result, certain groups are promptly associated with influence and supremacy, while others are disregarded in their â€Å"inherent† inferiority. Michelle Cliff’s Free Enterprise and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible ManRead MoreThe Invisible Man by H.G. Wells Essays892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Invisible Man by H. G. Wells gives an account of a man’s descent into madness as the result of his scientific feat, invisibility. Griffin, the invisible man, first appears as a mysterious stranger, bandaged and seeking shelter and recluse but progressively transforms into a lawless individual with a proposition to initiate a reign of terror. The change in Griffin’s character occurs due to his invisibility and the power it provides because â₠¬Å"there is no one, on this view, who is iron-willed enoughRead MoreSimilarities Between Harry Potter And The Invisible Man1574 Words   |  7 Pages The Man or the Cloak: Invisible Man compared to Harry Potter Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling are novels that, while diverse in subject matter and time period, share common themes and patterns. Invisible Man follows the journey of self-discovery of an unnamed â€Å"invisible man† as he journeys up North to find work. The well-known Harry Potter series follows a young wizard through the trials and tribulations of Hogwarts, the school of wizardry. Various symbols

Opposing Viewpoints of Africa in Two Short Stories...

In every situation, varying perspectives and opinions will be present, as proven in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. These literary works reveal opposing viewpoints of Africa through the use of literary and stylistic devices. The natural, primitive society is portrayed using sensory detail, imagery, and diction, which in turn reveal the authors’ different attitudes. Through his use of arrogant diction and vivid imagery, Conrad establishes a superior tone, while Achebe incorporates words with peaceful connotations into his sensory detail to create a serene tone. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad uses carefully chosen words in his diction and imagery to convey a disdainful tone. Throughout the†¦show more content†¦This reveals the author’s intolerance towards the Africans, making it clear that he views the Africans from the perspective of an outsider who is unfamiliar with tribal customs. Along his journey, Conrad notices a â€Å"stillness of life† and acknowledges that in other circumstances this would have a peaceful effect (Conrad); however, due to his unfamiliar surroundings and fear of the unknown, he finds the stillness threatening and foreboding. Overall, Conrad conveys a message to the reader that Africa is uncivilized and inferior to other societies. In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe uses sensory detail and peaceful diction to emphasize Africa as a harmonious land. Achebe incorporates sensory detail by describing the â€Å"birds chirruping in the forests† and the â€Å"sandy footway†¦ [throwing] up the heat† (Achebe). This indicates the role of nature in the setting and the importance it has in the African culture. He also uses words that carry connotations of tranquility such as â€Å"silent,† â€Å"faint,† and â€Å"faded† to add to the mood of togetherness in the passage (Achebe). Like Conrad, Achebe mentions trees that â€Å"had stood from the beginning of things, untouched by the ax and the bush-fire,† suggesting a primitive element to Africa (Achebe). In contrast to Conrad, however, this adds to the natural, tranquil feeling of Achebe’s passage.Show MoreRelated The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesperiod had far-reaching and detrimental affects on the language and identity of traditional societies. Derek Walcott’s postcolonial poem, â€Å"The Season of Phantasmal Peace† (1981) presented in dialogue with Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1910) and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) brings to light the powerful role that language played in executing the lie of imperialism on colonized peoples and the implications that this exertion of power has had and continues to have on the postcolonial

Safety Free Essays

Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by heir same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. Safety means protecting ourselves from any danger that may hurt us or endanger to our lives. Unsafe practice is a great peril to both life and property. A two wheeler rider who rides recklessly not only risks his own life, but also the other road users. School children getting run over by their same school vans or getting knocked down while crossing the road or getting drowned in die pond or falling from high places or getting electrocuted and so on; such news appear in the newspapers. This is because of their lack of knowledge about overall safety, be it 011 die road or anywhere. While crossing die road, they must not run across in blind panic. Wait till the traffic policeman or the green ‘Walk’ signal appear. Even then look for some vehicle drivers who jump signals and cross die road with the others. How to cite Safety, Papers

Project Warfare in the High Skies

The UAE Government The Unites Arab Emirates (UAE) is a perfect example of the transformational power of politics in the management of a country. The country was a sleepy corner of the Gulf barely a century ago. Its current international profile is the result of efforts undertaken in the last forty years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a country that received independence in 1971, UAE is an example of how a country can come from backwardness to become a strategic business location (Mongay 14). The location of the country is strategic. It is possible to reach any corner of the globe from the UAE because of its central location at the relative geographical center of the continents. From the UAE, it is possible to access any of the continents in one plane (IATA). Apart from the well-known economic feats of the UAE, the country has a unique polit ical system. The country is under the leadership of seven hereditary Emirs who are each in charge of an Emirate. The Emirs sit in a council that appoints a cabinet and other government officials. One of the Emirs serves as the president of the country. Each Emir retains complete political control over his Emirate, and is in charge of all major decisions regarding the management of the Emirate. The aim of this paper is to explore various aspects of the political system of the UAE. What is the UAE? The UAE is a loose federation of seven Emirates. The use of the word â€Å"loose† in this statement does not mean disjointed or dysfunctional. It simply means that each of the Emirates retains the power to govern itself. However, the Emirates are all signatories to a 1971 constitution developed to solve the crisis caused by the exit of the British, who served as the protectors of the Emirates. The UAE was not under British rule as a colony. The British signed pacts with local Sheikhs who were rulers of the Emirates to offer them protection at sea, and to offer support in case of land attacks. The British took on this role to protect its interests in the sea trade through the Gulf. Britain had strong trade ties with India and other Asian countries. These ties depended on the ability of the British to use ports in the Persian Gulf as bases for the British Navy and docking points for trading vessels. On the other hand, the Emirates also traded with India and other Persian Gulf states. In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, the Emirates exported pearls to other countries through the Gulf. This explains why the Sheikhs that were ruling the Gulf signed treaties with Britain.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the late sixties, the British realized that their treaties with the rulers of the Gulf were no longer tenable. This came in part from the fact that Britain had lost several colonies in the region. Bahrain and Qatar gained their independence in 1971 (Mongay 18). In the same year, the British withdrew from the gulf treaties. Attempts to create a proper nation out of the seven Emirates failed because of the divergent needs of each region. Therefore, the rulers in charge of Abu Dhabi and Dubai chose to create a union between their two jurisdictions. They made a constitution in 1971 and later invited the other rulers to join the Union. Within one year, the seven regions became the United Arab Emirates. How the UAE Government Works The UAE is a federal state. This federation is the result of the 1971 constitution promulgated by the rulers of the region. Each of the seven Emirates retains authority to run the affairs within its region, under the direction of the Emir. The seven Emirates are Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, and Sharjah. Each Emir is the leader of one of the Emirates. The office of the Emir is hereditary. The fact that the position of the Emir follows bloodlines, and an Emir has total control over the Emirate makes the Emirs absolute monarchs (Walker, Walker and Schmitz 45). The UAE government has three organs. It has an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. The members of the executive arm of UAE’s government are the president, vice president and the prime minister. The vice president traditionally holds the office of the prime minister too. Other offices in the executive arm are the Supreme Council of Ministers and the Federal Supreme Council. The high number of functionaries in UAE’s executive is deceptive. The Federal Supreme Council consists of the seven Emirs. The council elects the president, vice president and the prime minister from among the seven Emirs. In addition, the council appoints the council of ministers. The ministers run state functions across the seven Emirates. These functions include provision of educati on, health, security, and trade. The Federal Supreme Council is the supreme authority in the management of the affairs of the UAE. Ministers carry out their duties at the pleasure of the Federal Supreme Council. The judiciary in the UAE is fragmented. Each Emirate runs a regional judicial system based on local laws. While a Federal court exists, not all Emirates are part of the national judiciary.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third arm of government is the legislature. The official title of the forty-member legislature in the UAE is the Federal National Council. Unlike western democracies where citizens elect the legislature, the system in the UAE is such that membership in the legislature may arise from elections or from appointment by the Federal Supreme Council. Initially, the Federal Supreme Council appointed all the members of the Fe deral National Council. However, the council currently appoints about half of the members. The rest become members of the Federal National Council through elections. The Federal Supreme Council is implementing democratic legislative reforms in the UAE gradually. The council hopes to transit the country slowly to a fully elected and more powerful legislature. This position comes from the lessons gleaned from the Arab spring about the negative impacts of rapid change, or absence of change. The council feels that there is not room for error, hence the cautious approach. The legislature in UAE plays an advisory role, the Federal Supreme Council develops the laws used in the country, which the Legislature debates and offers an advisory opinion. The President of the UAE The presidency of the UAE is an elective office. However, eligibility for election is dependent on membership to the Federal Supreme Council. Membership of the Federal Supreme Council is hereditary, which makes the preside ncy hereditary. According the UAE constitution, one of the Emirs serves as the country’s president. A president can serve any number of five-year terms. The president serves as the head of state. In this role, he chairs the Federal Supreme Council, signs treaties and appointments state officers. Other duties performed by the president include the appointment of diplomats, and representing the country in international forums. The president also coordinates the activities of the Federal Supreme Council such as calling meetings and chairing meetings. In addition, the president issues state commendations on behalf of the country. The most influential Emirate in the UAE is Dubai. As such, its Emir became the first president. When he died, his son took over the post as the new Emir of Dubai. The second most influential Emirate is Abu Dhabi. Abu Dhabi is the financial capital of the UAE. Therefore, Abu Dhabi’s Emir serves as the prime minister of the UAE.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Judiciary The judiciary of the UAE is a completely independent constitutional organ. The judicial system in the UAE is not homogenous. Each of the Emirates maintains a separate judicial system based on local customs (Griffiths, O’Callaghan and Roach 73). The local laws are the product of each region’s unique identity and history. The sources of law for the Emirates are the Quran based Sharia, and laws developed by local authorities within each Emirate to deal with civilian issues. The use of Sharia law does not make the UAE an Islamic republic. The Federal Supreme Council is sensitive to the difficulties of absolute Sharia. They prefer a more open judicial system. This explains why many foreigners find the UAE accommodating. In the same vein, the UAE is the most liberal region in the Arab world because of the effort of the Emirs to maintain a degree of religious freedom. Apart from the local laws, federal laws also exist to provide direction for the entire country. These laws come from the Federal Supreme Council and form part of the legal environment of the Emirates. The federal laws govern aspects such as international relations, federal crimes, and disputes involving more than one Emir. The federal judiciary also tries federal crimes such as corruption by federal officials. The judges of the federal courts are appointees of the President in consultation with the Federal Supreme Council. UAE’s Sources of Income The UAE was traditionally a trading region. Before the discovery of oil, the UAE exported pearls to India and the rest of Asia. The trade in pearls collapsed after India increased the taxes on imported pearls to protect its domestic pearl industry. At the same time, the Japanese started producing commercial pearls, flooding the international market with cultivated pearls. As a result, Pearl exports from the UAE declined. The main source of income for the UAE is exports of natural resources. The World Bank estimated that in 201 1, 85% of exports from the country were natural resources (UNWTO 4). The UAE holds huge oil and gas reserves. In fact, the current economy of the region came up because of oil and natural gas exports. Oil will remain a prominent source of income for the UAE because of the increasing demand and dwindling supply. As the world nears its peak production of oil before the commencement of an irreversible decline in reserves, the price of oil will keep increasing until the balance tips in the favor of other energy sources. Apart from the natural resources exported by the UAE, the country receives revenues from tourism, and trade. Dubai is known for its vehicle refurbishment business especially with the developing world. The location of the region makes it an ideal air and sea transport hub. The Emirates Airlines will become the world’s largest airline by the year 2015 if it sticks to its current growth trajectory (IATA). At the same time, its rival airline, Etihad Airlines is a well -known international brand. These two airlines are symbols of the UAE’s dream of becoming a transport hub for the world. Dubai may replace Heathrow as the hub connecting the Western hemisphere to the rest of the world (IATA). This demonstrates the business acumen of UAE’s leadership. These efforts are part of a deliberate strategy to move the country from the traditional reliance on oil and natural gas to other sectors. Abu Dhabi is also becoming an important financial destination in Asia and Middle East (Deloitte 6). This comes from the effect of a high volume of goods and services passing through the UAE in transit to other parts of the world. Major Banks have branches in the UAE to facilitate the activities of international investors in the UAE. The UAE is also investing in other parts of the world. For instance, the Etihad Airlines is a shareholder in Virgin Australia and Air Berlin as part of its divestiture strategy (IATA). This is symbolic of the greater efforts by the UAE government and the UAE business community to spread risks to other parts of the world. As the natural resources dwindle, the region will have other sources of income. Abu Dhabi suffered immensely from the economic downturn of 2009. While this is negative when viewed from the perspective of revenue generation, it is a positive indication of the fact that Abu Dhabi is an influential player in the global financial markets. One of the highest growth sectors in the UAE is tourism. The country is investing in facilities that can attract tourists in order to increase the regions foreign exchange (UNWTO 4). The Burj Hotel for instance is one of the most expensive hotels in the world. The hotel is a very good source of tourist revenue. It attracts the affluent members of the international community who want to experience its ambience. In addition, it attracts many more tourists who simply want to have a look at it. The creation of man-made islands and theme parks such as Dubailan d city (modeled after Disneyland), demonstrates the country’s long-term commitment to tourism. Relationship between the Citizens and the Government of the UAE It is difficult to render an opinion on the relationship between the citizens of the UAE and their government. This is because the government does not tolerate dissenters. The UAE government is not totalitarian, but it is not open to public criticism either. In essence, the only way to understand the actual feelings of the people towards the UAE government is by looking at the actions of the government. One of the important clues in this matter is the Arab spring. Many citizens in Arab countries that were under totalitarian regimes took advantage of the wave of dissent that swept across many Arab states to change their governments. The UAE was not part of those countries. By inference, this may mean that the citizens of the UAE were not angry with the state authorities like other Arab Countries. This can mean that the c itizens have confidence in their government. Secondly, the UAE government is allowing democratic elections for choosing some members of the Federal National Council. The actual people eligible for office are very few, and the people eligible to participate as voters are few as well. It is still important to note that this opportunity does not exist in some countries. This also shows that the government is aware of the desire for democratic expression by the people. Politics in the UAE The political space in the UAE by democratic standards remains limited. There is no clear way for an ordinary citizen to become a leader in the country. The Federal Supreme Council fills most of the important positions in the country by appointing close relatives and confidants. Within the Emirates, the leaders come from the immediate family and close associates of the Emir. The UAE does not have an active civil society. The UAE Human Rights Association and the UAE jurists association are exceptions in the political climate of the region. However, the two organizations are not powerful enough to question the state on issues. This fact, coupled with stringent rules governing the freedom of association, shows that the UAE is still lagging behind in the path to democracy. Another factor that may be contributing to the pacified political environment is that the UAE has more immigrants than locals because the country needs foreign workers to run its economy. Immigrant workers are not politically active. Therefore, their impact on UAE’s politics is minimal. However, these workers are a crucial source of information for UAE residents regarding democratic processes. In this sense, immigrant workers may be the catalyst that will precipitate an increasing demand for political space by UAE citizens. The history of the people of the UAE predisposes them to accepting the current government the way it is. The traditional mode of leadership for Arab countries was by hereditary chiefdoms. This fact makes the citizens favorably disposed towards the existing type of leadership. This leadership reflects the traditions of the people within their cultural context. Amidst all the political issues raised above, the people of the UAE seem generally content with the political system in the country. The country is one of the richest nations in the Arab world. The living standards are very high and in some metrics, the region compares favorably with the developed world. For instance, the UAE has the lowest mortality rates in the world on many counts such as infant mortality and maternal mortality (Deloitte 4). Conclusion The UAE is in a good position to look at the future with optimism in its governance. Western political thought favors democracy over any other type of leadership. In the UAE, democracy is foreign and it is beyond the experience of the average UAE citizen. For as long as the citizens of the Emirates are content with their government, the leaders can carry on ru ling in the traditional fashion. However, there is need to expand the participation of citizens in the election of leaders and in the affairs of government. In a world where democracy is becoming the dominant force, failure by the Emirs to recognize the desire for democracy by UAE citizens can lead to sudden upheavals as was the case in North Africa. The UAE remains an interesting case in the study of economic transformation, and in the journey from oil dependence to sustainable economics. The country needs to include elements of political change to support its emerging role as the hub of the world. Otherwise, there is risk that it will lose its trajectory courtesy of internal unrest. Works Cited Deloitte. 2011 Survey of the UAE Healthcare Sector Opportunities and Challenges for Private Providers. Survey Report. London: Deloitte, 2011.Print. Griffiths, Martin, Terry O’Callaghan and Steven C Roach. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London: Taylor and Francis, 2008. Pr int IATA. â€Å"CEO Interview: Etihad – Staying Focused.† 28 October 2012. Web. Airlines International: IATA. 30 October 2012 https://www.iata.org/pages/default.aspx. Mongay, Jorge. Business and Investments in Asia. Madrid: ESIC Editorial, 2011. Print UNWTO. Tourism and Climate Change. Geneva: United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2011. Print. Walker, Danielle Medina, Thomas D Walker and Joerg Thomas Schmitz. Doing Business Internationally: The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. Print This essay on Project: Warfare in the High Skies was written and submitted by user Piper V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Project Warfare in the High Skies The rivalry between Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines is the subject of many debates. This is because of the cutthroat competition between the two companies. This competition exists despite significant differences in the business strategies of the two companies. This project seeks to investigate the nature and impact of this rivalry. The research question guiding the project is, â€Å"What are the marketing strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines and how do these strategies influence the rivalry between them?†Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major components of this question are the need to decipher the market entry models used by both airlines, an interrogation of the elements that define the rivalry between the two airlines, and a peek into the future of the two airlines based on their current marketing models. The se issues define the broad objectives that underpin the research project. In particular, the objectives of this project as stated in the project proposal are as follows. To investigate the market entry models of Etihad Airways and the Emirates Airlines. To investigate the defining elements and the implications of the rivalry between the Etihad Airways and the Emirates Airlines To determine the long term prospects of the two airlines in relation to their existing marketing strategies in the context of their rivalry Literature Review A look into the definition of the term â€Å"marketing strategy† reveals several things. First, a marketing strategy is about marketing (Sahaf, 2008). A marketing strategy is specific to the marketing elements of a business concern. Secondly, a marketing strategy is about strategy (Sahaf, 2008). It is a long term and wholesome look at the way an organization organizes all the elements that constitute its marketing activities (Shaw, 2004). Thirdly , marketing strategy is about the optimization of resources (Sahaf, 2008). Every business has several options relating to how it can deploy its resources. Each of these configurations seeks to optimize the returns that the business can attain from its marketing resources (Mongay, 2011). Fourth, marketing strategy is about profit (Sahaf, 2008). Every organization needs to generate surplus for it to remain competitive. Marketing is what assures the company of a sustainable revenue stream. Porter (1980) developed a model that helps an organization to evaluate its competitive position. This model is useful for companies planning to enter a new market, or to expand its market share. The model is also valuable for companies whose market share is dwindling. The five forces analysis looks at the threat posed by the arrival of new competitors, the threat posed by the arrival and availability of products that can substitute a company’s product, and the bargaining power of customers (Po rter, 1980). The model also proposes that an ideal analysis of the competitive environment should consider the power of suppliers, and the pressure from rivals in the market (Porter, 1980). Montgomery and Porter (1991) identified three forms of generic strategies that should guide the development of market strategies. First, a company can choose to pursue cost leadership as a marketing strategy (Montgomery Porter, 1991).Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under this strategy, a company seeks to use economies of scale and efficiency to drive prices down to levels where its competitors cannot survive. Southwest Airlines made its mark on the American market as a low cost carrier by removing all frills from its services to focus on efficient operations (Hartley, 2007). It is a good example of the application of this principle in the airline industry. Secondly a company ca n choose to pursue is a differentiation strategy (Montgomery Porter, 1991). Under this strategy, a company must have a strong point that gives it an unassailable competitive advantage. This strength should provide customers with a unique value. A good example of this strategy is Google’s search engine. Google developed a search engine, which is now the leading provider of search services online (Byrne, 2011). Google differentiates itself as a provider of online software services. The third strategy identified by Montgomery and Porter (1991) is niche strategy. This marketing strategy involves identifying a unique market segment and becoming the best-placed company to meet the needs of this niche. This strategy is risky if bigger competitors can meet the demands of the same niche at a lower cost. In reality, most companies pursue a mixture of strategies in order to maximize their returns (Sahaf, 2008). While marketing strategies have a long-term perspective, they often change midstream to address strategic concerns such as the making of losses over a prolonged period. Market research is necessary before the development of a market strategy (Thomas, 2011). Failure to research the market can lead to huge losses caused by wrong marketing strategies. Marketing strategy is also about the interaction of the four P’s of marketing. The four P’s represent Product, Price, Placement, and Promotion (Mongay, 2011). Product refers to the item or service that is available for sale. Price is the consideration expected from exchanging this item or service. Costing strategies depend on whether the item is available in bulk, or in single units. Typically, the cost of an item needs to cover the cost of production, and the expected margin. Promotion refers to the efforts made to make consumers of the product aware of its presence. At the same time, promotion aims at building demand for the product by highlighting the aspects of the product that can appeal to po tential buyers. The fourth P is Placement. Placement refers to the availability of the product to the potential buyers. Elements of placement include the distribution plan, display at the point of sale, and the use of showrooms.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methodology This project utilized three main sources of data. The use of secondary data proved useful because of the international nature of the entities studied (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). The objectives of the research project required broad based information to cover the subject adequately. As such, there was a need to review literature from various sources to develop a comprehensive picture describing the rivalry between the two companies. The reason for relying on secondary data came from the objectives of the project. It was not feasible to address the objectives of the proj ect by collecting primary data. Analysis of secondary data required the use of careful scrutiny to find out credible and consistent information (Yu, 1998). In order to establish the validity and admissibility of the information collected, a literature review was necessary to find out the specifications of the information required (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). Data from industry sources was the most valuable type of information for the project. Recorded interviews with the executives of the company and company reports also formed sources of credible information. Information from unnamed sources did not meet these standards. In addition, information from personal blogs, personal websites that had no peer review mechanisms did not meet the threshold (Johnson Johnson, 2009). The most important difficulty faced in the course of the project was finding the latest information relating to developments in the UAE airline industry. It was necessary to find the dates of the information prov ided to ensure the accuracy of the information collected. Online forums proved useful as passive sources of information on customer satisfaction. Forums hosted by the two companies, and those dedicated to issues relating to the two companies proved useful in gauging the customer satisfaction levels of customers. They also illustrated the depth of the rivalry of the two companies. The main sources of data used for the project were as follows. Published literature from trade magazines relating to the operations of the two companies, company reports and publications from the two airlines, and periodicals published by marketing analysts and aviation analysts. The Market Entry Strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines In order to examine the market entry strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines, it is important to define the use of the terms â€Å"market entry† in this section. The meaning of market entry used in this project is that of an ongoing process. When companies start, they need a market entry strategy. This need does not dissipate with growth. Rather, as the company expands its services and its customer base, market entry remains a fundamental function (Thomas, 2011).Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Etihad Airways is much younger than Emirates Airlines. Etihad will celebrate its tenth birthday in 2013 (Cameron, 2012). Both airlines are pursuing very aggressive market entry strategies based on the prevailing economic outlook of the Gulf region. Some of the elements of the rivalry between the two airlines in relation to their market entry strategies include the acquisition of new aircraft, and the formation of partnerships with airlines in other regions of the world (Cameron, 2012). Etihad Airways will start operations in Washington DC, Ho Chi Min City and to the City of Sao Paulo in South America within 2013 (IATA, 2012). In the same year, the company will receive 14 aircrafts to expand its fleet (IATA, 2012). The company plans to expand its fleet by ninety new aircrafts. In addition to these efforts, Etihad Airways is pursuing relationships with Air Berlin in Germany and Virgin Australia to increase its profits (Cameron, 2012). Part of Etihad Airway’s attraction to Air B erlin came from the fact that the two companies have similar cabin design, which will enhance both brands. Emirates Airlines on the other hand is pursuing similar expansion by forming alliances with other airlines. Currently there is a relationship between Emirates and Qantas from Australia (Cameron, 2012). Emirates Airlines, which vowed not to join any of the big three airline alliances, has pacts with airlines that are part of the alliances. For instance, Etihad has a pact with Air France-KLM, which is part of the Sky Team alliance (IATA, 2012). The alliances are business relationships between several airlines, which work to coordinate their schedules in order to enjoy better customer loyalty. The airlines share frequent flier programs, and other incentives meant to keep customers within the alliance. Based on Porter’s generic marketing strategies, the two airlines positioned themselves as niche players offering premium services. The target market for the airlines is the hi gh-end segment. This strategy, combined with the strategic location of the two airlines in the fast growing region of the Middle East, is responsible for the growth that the two companies continue to experience despite their bitter rivalry. Emirates Airlines will become the largest Airline in the world by 2015 if it maintains its current growth momentum (Thomas, 2011). Defining Elements and the Implications of the Rivalry The scope of the rivalry between the two airlines comes from the similarity of their marketing strategies. Both airlines compete for the high-end market. Therefore, most of the marketing initiatives they employ tend to be similar. For instance, both airlines landed in Japan for the first time on the same day (Wright Underwood, 2010). This illustrates the intricate nature of their rivalry. In the last decade, many airlines in Europe became part of the three global airline alliances. The three alliances are Sky Team, Star, and One World (Cameron, 2012). Both Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines have not pursued membership in any of the three alliances. Rather, the two airlines are using different strategies to counter the impact of the alliances. Emirates Airlines is famous for its individualist attitude (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, Roach, 2008). It prefers organic growth and battling for market share, rather than forming alliances and partnerships with other airlines. As such, the recent alliance with Australian Qantas is an exception rather than the rule in the marketing strategy of the airline (Rivers, 2012). On the other hand, Etihad Airways bought equity in Virgin Australia and Air Berlin (Thomas, 2011). Etihad prefers to buy stake in established brands in markets that it does not want to commit operational resources. This gives the company the advantage of local presence without brand building obligations. This is a faster way to penetrate a market and it offers the airline the opportunity to understand a market without the risks ass ociated with fresh market entry. This fits with Etihad’s strategy of favoring growth over profitability in the short term. The two airlines are scrambling for space in the international aviation markets. Both have set their eyes on the American, Australian, and Chinese markets. Etihad Airways is on track to launch flights to two cities in the Americas. The maiden landing of both airlines in Tokyo on the same day is symbolic of the market rivalry between the two players (Wright Underwood, 2010). On the part of Australia, Etihad is part of Virgin Australia as a shareholder, while Emirates Airlines is working with Qantas to access the Australian Market. Further East, the booming Chinese economy is leading to an increase in demand for international flights (Zhu, 2010). This demand comes from traders seeking markets for their products, and foreigners going to China to buy goods. In addition, a growing middle class in China needs flights to other countries where they can go to tou r. All these factors serve to intensify the rivalry of the two carriers. The acquisition of big planes, ostensibly to enhance the capacity for long range flights is also a common feature in the rivalry between the two airlines. Etihad has plans to buy up to ninety new planes from Boeing to increase its current fleet (Cameron, 2012). Fourteen of these will be ready within 2013. On the other hand, Emirates Airlines signed a deal with Airbus for the supply of 32 Airbus 380 Jumbo jets (Thomas, 2011). This focus shows a strong commitment to long-term growth in the wake of increasing demand for air transport. The final element in the rivalry between Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines is in the cargo business. There is increasing demand for cargo haulage across the world. This demand is strengthened by the increasing volume of cargo transiting via Dubai (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, Roach, 2008). The result is that the two airlines are responding to the growing demand by increasing th eir cargo fleet. Etihad Airways is increasing the cargo space in its new passenger aircrafts to enable it to take advantage of the cargo business that falls within its passenger routes. This is in addition to increasing its fleet of cargo jets. Long Term Prospects of the Two Airlines Despite the rivalry of the two airlines, both airlines have very good prospects. The two airlines are pursuing aggressive growth that will see Emirates become the largest airline in the next three years. The basic aspect of the rivalry between the two airlines is that they are not local carriers. They are international carriers. This gives both of them unique competitive advantages that rivalry alone cannot wipe off. There is increasing demand for air transport across the world. This demand is strongest in Asia and the Australian region (Walker, Walker, Schmitz, 2003). The demand for air transport in Africa is also growing. This means that the two companies are competing for new business, based on thei r unique competitive advantages. The growth in demand for air transport comes from the increasing demand for goods and services from Asia. This demand is also growing because of an increasing number of tourists and traders from Asia and the Middle East, and increasing travel by students, researchers, and government officials to Asia and the Middle East (Walker, Walker, Schmitz, 2003). Secondly, the location of the UAE is strategic. The location of the UAE makes it an ideal hub for international travel. The fact that the leaders of the UAE used this location to position Dubai as a trading hub proves this point. Dubai is an ideal replacement for European cities as a hub for international transport (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). This advantage, coupled with the fact that the UAE airlines have planes that can reach almost any point on earth, makes UAE’s geography and business positioning a strong competitive advantage. These advantages are available to both airlines. The Emirat es Airlines historically favored organic growth in its operations. The airline giant started operations with a single leased aircraft twenty-five years ago. The Emirates Airlines did not make any deals with other airlines to form partnerships and alliances. The success of Emirates is proof that its business model is sustainable. This means that the airline is strong enough to go into the future. On the other hand, Etihad started with a larger fleet, and sought to gain market share rapidly. Etihad is more open to diversification. Its preferred model is buying a stake in local airlines to benefit from existing market conditions, without the additional burden of brand building. This concept is similar to the one used by many international airlines that form part of the three global alliances. It is also a sustainable model on its own. Therefore, the fact that Etihad and Emirates are rivals at home does not mean that either of them is in any kind of disadvantage. In fact, their rivalry is causing them to pursue aggressive growth strategies, which is making then formidable airlines. Finally, the two airlines enjoy strong government and private sector backing. The Emirates Airlines receives support from the Dubai government while Etihad receives support from several small backers in the Emirates (IATA, 2012). This support increases market confidence in the two airlines and makes them more secure at home. These factors prove that the two airlines have a strong future ahead of them regardless of their rivalry. The question is not whether the two airlines can survive the rivalry. Rather, the question is which of the two airlines will emerge stronger. Conclusions The main difference between the two companies is in market fundamentals. Emirates Airlines has a history of profit making, because it grew organically by fulfilling market demand over the last twenty-five years. Etihad Airways on the other hand entered the market to take advantage of the lucrative market that c ame up in Abu Dhabi. The company is just about to start posting profits. Several elements define the rivalry between the two airlines. The following five elements indicate the defining issues. First, the two are not keen on joining any of the three global alliances (Cameron, 2012). Secondly, both airlines prefer to form partnerships with other airlines to increase their operations efficiency (IATA, 2012). Thirdly, the two airlines are showing strong interest in the Americas, Australia, and China (Wright Underwood, 2010). Fourth, both airlines have very ambitious growth plans. Finally, both airlines are turning their attention to cargo business. 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