Essay Time Management and Adults Learners - 1043 Words

Time Management and Adults Learners Time Management and Adults Learners Life is complicated and it becomes harder as people develop into adulthood and inherit new responsibilities. Attending school as an adult learner is a big challenge and time management is something that every student must know and be efficient at in order to successfully complete their degrees. This paper explains the different adjustments that adult students must make to achieve their desired goals, especially those who have extra responsibilities other than college. The sources used on this paper describe how they manage their study time alongside work related activities, family matters, and all their others obligations. Tips and advice will be†¦show more content†¦Students who work and have families had to organize their daily lives a little better in order to succeed in college and achieve their academic goals (Blaxter Tight, 1994). As the article by Blaxter Tight mentions, a considerable amount of working adults who attend colle ge end up dropping their classes due to their demanding lives and duties outside the university. In order to pursue a college degree, students have to make some sacrifices and replace some daily activities or time with friends and family with study time to succeed. For example, activities like watching television, dining out, or just going out for a while must be limited in order to allow time for studying and completing college work. There are a good number of books and guides with helpful information and tips to prepare adults learner for a successful education. The Mature Student’s Guide to Higher Education written by Linda Pritchard and Leila Robert is a good reference for people seeking a degree as an adult student. To succeed in college adult learners should have some solid academic foundation as well, to include essential academic skill such as organization, communication, reading and writing ability, computer proficiency, study skills, and good time management tec hniques (Pritchard Roberts, 2006, Pp. 33-39). Students should and must have an action planShow MoreRelatedTime Management And The Adult Learner Essay1909 Words   |  8 Pagescontrol time, but we can manage the time we’re given. Time management is the ability to plan and control how we spend the hours in our day to effectively accomplish our goals. For college students, especially freshmen who may be left on their own for the first time, or the adult learner, who has additional family and work requirements to juggle, good time management is a necessity. Studies cite poor time management as a major contributor of college dropout rates, and without a good time managementRead MoreChallenges Of Time Management As An Adult Learner1019 Words   |  4 PagesManaging Time as an Adult Learner Over the last several years, adult learners have become increasingly common inside the institutions of higher education. This is because, many of these individuals are returning to school in order to be more competitive in the job market. As, it is demanding specialized skills and the ability to adapt with different challenges employers are facing. (Newbaker, 2012) Evidence of the can be seen with a study that was conducted by the National Student ClearinghouseRead MoreStudy Skills: Managing Time as an Adult Learner1408 Words   |  6 PagesSkills: Managing Time as an Adult Learner The potential for learning is active throughout the course of ones lifespan. Academic learning is often associated with adolescence and early adulthood; however, adults are also compelled to go back to school to further their education in order to gain more employable skills, change their career path, or to fulfill a personal goal. Although adult learners are just as capable as understanding new information as younger learners, the adult learner typically hasRead MoreManaging Time As An Adult Learner1485 Words   |  6 PagesManaging time as an adult learner There might not be a better decision than going back to school as an adult. This is particularly because one has the opportunity of enhancing their career and accomplishing their lifelong goals. The choice of going back to school as an adult is thus an easy decision. Despite the fact that reaching this decision is easy, following through the decision is the most difficult part. Difficult. This is because of the challenges that adult learners face in their day toRead MoreThe Success Of The Middle Age Adults Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagestheir acceptance letter to a college. For a young adult success might mean buying their first car or first home. As a person enters their middle age adult stage, they usually have achieved success in several areas of their life, such as having a family, home and successful employment. With these successes come obstacles and obligations. Most middle age adults have gained life skills to balance these obligations. However, if the middle age adult c hooses to strive towards a life goal of returningRead MoreImportance of Time Management1314 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Time management is more often than not a challenge for many students. This is more so the case for adult students. It is important to note that unlike their younger counterparts, adult learners face a host of unique challenges when it comes to the management of time. In addition to the demands of their fulltime or part-time jobs, adult learners often have to attend to other responsibilities including but not limited to child care and other familial obligations. This text clearly demonstratesRead MoreEssay on EDU500Assnmt 1 Defining Learning Environment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesall over the world. The secret to success of such companies lies from the foundation that was laid down by the founders of the company in the attempt to ensure that the company becomes a success. Foundation includes the company mission, vision, management structure, selection of an excellent location, training and development and the involvement in activities promoting Corporate Social Responsibility. The study takes into consideration an organization by the name Old Excellent Company Limited. TheRead MoreAttending School As An Adult Learner1097 Words   |  5 Pages Deciding to attend school as an adult learner, is by far the most challenging obstacle an adult learner can do. Adults looking to advice in their education or their career look to attend school to achieve their goals. It is a demanding, daunting task to figuring out just what you want to study, where you want to study at, and how to attend classes. With so many options available today, where do you begin? Knowing the options can truly make choosing a school, program, or way to attend classes anRead MoreEssay about Traditional Learning Content1378 Words   |  6 Pagesof helping adults learn† and focus on the adult learner (Knowles, 1980, p. 43). Knowles published six assumptions about the adult learner. The adult self-concept moves from dependent to self-directing. An adult has many life experiences which is a great source to the adult to empower learning. An adult’s social role is related to the readiness of the adult to learn. Adults are more problem centered as t hey mature. Motivations for adults are internal rather than external and adults need to knowRead MoreWhat Are the Role and Responsibilities of Teacher? Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesSo every teacher has to know which role he is applying in his class room, roll could be different depend on the circumstances ,like as which age group, are they normal people or are they special needs people or are they teenage people or are they adult people. Similarly every teacher has got responsibilities for his working place and working environment following the institutional procedures and policies. 1.1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating

Hamlet And Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1169 Words

The play Hamlet written by Shakespeare, is a story about revenge and how multiple characters concur grief and stay loyal. Two characters that are very important in the play are Hamlet and Laertes. Hamlet’s father is Old King Hamlet, who supposedly dies of a snake bite. Now, Hamlet’s uncle is in charge. Since he is king, Claudius now has an advisor named Polonius. Polonius has two children named Laertes and Ophelia. Hamlet falls in love with Ophelia, causing bickering between him and Laertes. Even though both of the characters have a significant amount of things in common, many incidents cause them to be completely different. While Hamlet and Laertes both want revenge for their father’s death and die because of it, their love for Ophelia and the way they plot out their revenge are divergent. One of the most obvious examples of Hamlet and Laertes being similar, is how they both want to avenge their father s’ deaths. Once both of them find out about the death s, they immediately become angry. Shakespeare shows this when Hamlet says, â€Å"So uncle, there you are. Now to my word: It is ‘Adieu, adieu! Remember me.’ I have sworn’t† (1.5.113-17). This shows Hamlet’s fury and the drive to kill his uncle because the ghost tells him that Claudius has been the reason behind the incident. While Hamlet tries to plan out his revenge, he stabs Polonius thinking Claudius is there. After this happens, Laertes finds out and immediately wants payback for whoever has done the crime. Laertes thenShow MoreRelatedHamlet And Hamlet By William Shakespeare2065 Words   |  9 Pages Every play has its own psychology and every author is a psychologist. Like many other plays, Hamlet is a very complex one. It includes various families and portrays their problems to one another. Some of these families with problems are: Hamlet and Claudius, Ophelia and Hamlet and Laertes and Hamlet. I am mentioning Hamlet in all of them, because H amlet is the source of all the troubles that those families encounter. The problems the characters encounter can be real and the solutions are not practicalRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that tim e, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the use

Love in Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

Essay topic: how love is treated in one of the plays (Romeo and Juliet) – Not sure if maybe the order of characters should be changed around ? – Ex putting room and Juliet’s part first. William Shakespeare has written many brilliant pays over his literary career. One of his most famous love stories of all time although is Romeo and Juliet. We will write a custom essay sample on Love in Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Naturally love is the plays most dominate theme. Throughout the play love is treated and seen very differently by the various characters of the play. Romeo and Juliet are seen as young adolescents who do not understand or know what true love is, but are very passionate. Capulet see’s his daughters love as being something that he can control, and is only concerned with honoring the Capulet blood line and economic advancement of the Capulet family. The nurse is seen as being nieave in her parenting as well as guidance and at times appears to be pimp like. While Mercutio believes that Romeo is simply just Horney and not in fact in love. Do Romeo and Juliet really experiencing love or is it just an infatuation and an erge to have sex. Are two people so young able to comprehend what love really is and means at such as very young age. I don’t believe they could and with the misguidance and surrounding views of love this play has turned from a comedy to a tragedy. Capulet: as we look at the role of love from Capulet’s view we see a very dominate and controlling figure over his daughters love. Like lady Capulet Juliet’s father dose not play a big part in Juliet’s every day life, but in relations to his daughters love he is a very big factor. Capulet portrays the love and marriage of his daughter as something that he will be decided by him. Although when discussing marriage with Paris at the beginning of the play he realizes that Juliet is young and needs more time to develop, portrayed in the quote â€Å" My child is yet a stranger in the world, She hath not seen the change of fourteen years; Let two more summers wither in their pride Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. † When Paris purposes to marry Juliet, her father points out that she is young and is not even fourteen years. He hastily demands that Juliet marry Paris after Tybalts death. This marriage to Paris is something that Juliet did not want from the start but was put upon her from the start of the play. Capulet is infact looking out for his daughters best interest but dose not stop to think of what Juliet wants or discuss the matter with her. When Juliet defies her fathers wishes, Capulets true feeling on her love and Marriage are revealed. In the quote â€Å" Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds, But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next To go with Paris to Saint Peter’s Church Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Out , you greensickness carrion! Out , you baggage! You tallow –face. † ACT 3. 5 lines 153-158 it is made clear that he will make the final decision in her daughters marriage and although she dose not want to marry Paris it will happen on the next Thursday weither she likes it of not. The father is more concerned with status level of her suiter and the honor of his blood line then the wishes of his daughter and In the end of the play we see that with a little understanding on the part of Capulet the dramatic double suicide concluding the play, maybe could have been avoided. The Nurse; the nurse plays a very important role in relations to love in romeo and Juliet. As we can tell at the beginning of the play Juliet’s fraternal mother lady Capulet is not portrayed as any more than just that fraternal. The true loving relationship between mother and daughter is played by the nurse and Juliet. The Nurse has been with the Capulet family for at least fourteen years,or since Juliet was born. We are told that The Nurse had had a daughter but tragically it did not make it through child birth. The nurse also was juliets wet nurse and the mother daughter bond has been very stong sine then. In this quote â€Å"this is the matter-nurse, give leave awhile, We must talk in secret. Nurse, come back again; I have remembered me, thou’s hear our counsel. Thou knowest my daughter’s of a pretty age† ACT 1. 3 line 7-10 . Lady Capulet involves the Nurse in her discussion with Juliet about her possible marriage to Paris. It is extremely evident that lady Capulet dose not feel comfortable with her daughter alone and it is shown through out the play that they not spend very much time together while Juliet and the nurse do. Although the nurse and Juliet’s love for each other is very strong there is another more important factor in terms of Juliet’s love for a man and the guidance the nurse gives her in picking a match for marriage. When Romeo and Juliet first meet it is love at first site and the nurse warns Juliet that he is a Montague. â€Å"His name is Romeo, and a Montague, The only son of your great enemy. † ACT 1. 5 lines 137-138 although Juliet is still very young, being the age of 14 and nieve in her knowledge of love, the nurse helps her in her persuit. From this point the nurse is seen as more of a pimp then a mother figure who should be wiser. The nurse gossips with Juliet about Romeo â€Å"though his face be better than any man’s, yet his leg excels all men’s, and for a hand and a foot and a body, though they be not to be talked on, yet they are past compare† ACT 2. 6 lines 39-42 When she should be stressing the fact that Romeo is a Montague and not the right person for Juliet’s love given the current situation. Yet the nurse still goes behind the backs of her employers and guides Juliet in her secret marriage to Romeo. She is seen in as a pimp in many ways such as meting to discuss marriage with Romeo and taking Juliet to Friar Laurence’s cell to be wed. In act 4 the nurse’s views on marriage and love are also shown to be skewed. After Tybalts death, When confronted by Juliet with the problem of a quick marriage to Paris under the orders of her father Capulet, the nurses thoughts on the matter are very prudish saying â€Å" Romeo is banished; and all the world to nothing that he dares ne’er come back to challenge you; Or if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth, I think it best you married with the county. O, he’s a lovely gentlemen! Romeos a dishclout to him. An eagle, madam, Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye As Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart, I think you are happy in this second match, for it excels your first; or if it did not, your first is dead- or ‘twere as good he were as living here and you no use of him. † Saying that she should marry Paris just because Romeo is now banished and can not tend to her needs for sex. But if he dose still come around to do it under the nose of Paris and cheat on her new husband. So in so many words have the best of both worlds. The nurse not once thinks of Juliet’s heart and the idea of true love. The nurse just see’s the physical aspects of attraction such as a man’s looks, and just thinks of sax. The nurse has been a pimp throughout the play and although she is in so many ways Juliet’s parental figure she succeeds in leading her in the wrong direction and giving Juliet bad advice on love. Romeos Friends Romeo’s friend and also the cousin of the Prince is Mercutio. Unlike Romeo and most of the other characters in the play He has a extremely different view on love. He suggest that love is like an ‘open arse and poppering pear’ and that simple sexual gratification will fulfill the desires for love. This may be because Mercutio has been in love previously and understands what love is and how complicated it can be at times, or perhaps because he has not experienced it himself. In my opinion he dose understand love and sees how fast Romeo is jumping into things and not thinking rationally. He believes that Romeo is not in fact in love, he is just feeling the desires to make love. Mercutio creates irony in the play because if Romeo had listened to his advice and convinced Juliet to act just on her sexual desires rather than moral desires or getting married first then Romeo and Juliet, as well as Mercutio may possibly still be alive. Mercutio’s death is also what turns the play from a comedy into a tragedy, which with Mercutio dies his advice, and potentially condemns the lovers. Romeo Juliet It is shown early in the play that Romeo is foolish and thinks he is in love very easily. When it comes to love Initially Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline. He believed that Rosaline is the girl of his dreams and that he can not live without her but those feeling where not mutual. Although Rome was heartbroken, I believe that Romeo has no idea what real true love actually is. This relationship is merely an example of infatuation, a foolish attraction. Even though Romeo had thought he had found his ‘true love’ in Rosaline, when he saw Juliet for the first time he believed he was in love again. Juliet also believed the first time she saw Romeo she was in love. But can love at fist site really exist? I believe it can not, although you may feel physically attracted to someone when u first meet, there is much more than just looks needed to make a relationship work and truly be in love. You cannot just meet someone and fall in love, it just dose not happen like that. Romeo and Juliet are far to young to understand the depth of feelings involved in a real, meaningful relationship. Even if they are able to understand with the little experience they have in love being so young, I believe it takes more than a couple of hours or a couple of day, as the play takes place over just a fue days to fall into love and truly understand it. These to lovers sexual ergs took over to the fact that every decision they would make from the fist encounter, at the beginning of the play would be clouded by this thought of being in love. The relationship between Romeo and Juliet was similarly so powerful that personal values and loyalties towards family and friends were of secondary importance. â€Å"Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, / And I’ll no longer be a Capulet†. Juliet in effect is willing not only to deny her own family name but take the name of a Montague, the family which hers has been in disputes with for many years. And she is led in the wrong direction with these ideas by the nurse. Romeo also denies his friend Mercutio and goes ahead and marries. Juliet. Romeo and Juliet both defy their families and friends. Their feelings for each other ultimately cost both of them their lives. The love that they felt for oneanother has blinded them in seeing the right path, and unable to realize the misfortunes that lay ahead for them. Throughout the play It is evident that their are many views of love and how it should be treated. At such a young age as Romeo and Juliet where, some good advice and knowledge of love was need but never found. Romeo and Juliet where so blinded by so called love for one another that they could not see the right path. With exception to Mercutio, I believe the other characters in the play did littlie to help the couple and only blurred the truth. These two should not have wed and engaged in a loving relationship. They where to young, did not know what love was, and where clearly not a very good match being members of an opposing rival family. With the misguidance of many characters if the play the story turns from a comedy to a tragedy and we see that love is treated very differently by many people. How to cite Love in Romeo and Juliet, Papers

Social Media Market Principles Strategies â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Media Market Principles Strategies? Answer: Introducation Economic Environment: Economic changes around the world which gives direct impact to influence the M.C. Donalds environment by considering its global nature. Donalds has a great opportunity to grow in the market. The economic recession was incredibly disruptive for the firms in various industries. It reduces the revenues and profits across the boards and also minimizes the demand of consumers for products and services. In the Australian market the main issue that arises is concerned with the general taxation issues. The company also faces many monetary issues that impact the working of the company. So to minimize this also the company can take corrective measures so that the growth can be attained in effective manner. Socio- Cultural environment: Fast food has minimized the image in the mind of consumers as the society is more concerned about the health now a day. People are attracted towards a product in which the product is concerned with the health. The company should give main focus on maximizing the product which gives benefit to the health. In response to this it is seen that in Australia people are more concerned about their health. So M.C. Donalds should offer healthier menu options to the consumers. They should also launch various marketing campaigns which give highlight to the new range of healthy products. It gives positive impact on the operations of the business and also helps to maximize the sales (Sachdeva, 2015). Technological environment: The internet has taken into consideration various opportunities for low cost and which give a high impact on range and firms. The opportunities concerned with marketing and by using the internet are many. It is seen that the fast food industry was slow to catch the benefits of internet marketing in the beginning. The company should also use the updated technology, so that the customer can feel comfortable to purchase the product (Galician, 2013). Competitive environment: In Australian market there is a high competition in the market. The fast food products are available to the consumer in low price also, so the company should offer attractive discounts to the consumer so that they get induced to buy a product. Political environment: The fast food industry is targeted by the government and it aim to enhances the health and minimize the obesity particularly in the Australian market. The fast food industry is more regulating with less intervention of the government as it is seen that many reports are published between the fast food industry and childhood obesity. The company should take into consideration proper policies and procedures which enhances the profit of the organization. The company should keep the profit margin more than those countries where the restrictions have been imposed. Legal environment and regulatory environment: The legal environment in which the company operates is highly dependent on the Australian market. M.C. Donalds should operate all the functions under health and safety legal framework. The company should also take into consideration all the controls that are essential by the health agency (Percy, 2014). SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis refers to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats that are prevailing in the market. Strength: Company has much strength that is prevailing in the market. It helps the company to attain the goals and objectives in effective manner. The main advantage to the company is that it is considered as a recognized brand worldwide. The menu helps to promote the services and products of the company. The company was the first who give customers the food nurture. The company also provides the training for its managers in effective manner. The company is present globally while having the great impact on its competitors. Mc. Donalds is considered as a leader of the market in both domestic and international market. The company has a capability of generating more revenues and sales due to its brand recognition (Brentari, Dancelli Manisera, 2016). Weakness: Weakness is in all the companies that are prevailing in the market. The weaker side of the company is that it has an unhealthy food image an also the quality of the food is incompatible. The revenue of the employees is huge. The other drawback is that more advertising is given on children. The company should take into consideration product innovation. The company has a very slow process of product innovation. Market saturation has also caused a major difficulty for the company to expand its operations in the market. The company should take corrective steps soon, so that the goals and objectives can easily be attained (Wang,Silva Moutinho, 2016). Opportunities There are various opportunities that are prevailing in the market. The company can make its outlet chains better and more attractive for the customers who are new. It can be done by offering value added services like internet access. There are many ways of product innovation that are available for the company. The company should utilize that opportunities so that the profits can be easily attained. Product innovation helps the organization to enhance its operations in the market and in Australian market the company should take into consideration the strategy of product innovation. Mc. Donalds should always adopt the strategy of new product line for expansion. To attract more and more customers towards the company the company should use low cost menus so that customer gets induced to buy a product (Chari, Katsikeas, Balabanis Robson, 2014). Threats Threats are there in every organization. There is no business who survives without threats. The main threat to the company is that the economy situation is weak with the negative impact from the recession by its diversification. The main problems that are arising are the fluctuation in the currency. There are many health problems also that are arising which are concern with the quality of food and healthier menu items. The market share is diminishing with the huge promotion of investments. The big threat to the company is from the fluctuations that are prevailing in the market. The company should give main focus on the fluctuation pattern so that the threats or the risks that are arising can be minimized (Kirzner, 2015). Market segmentation and customer analysis MC Donalds has taken into consideration the strategy which takes the age as a major structure for segmentation. The main target segments of the company are children, youth and the young urban family members. McDonalds in Australia should be segment into three different bases (Paul Roy, 2014). Demographic Segmentation: In this the segmentation criteria the kids, family and students are involved. The company should offers goods like happy meal which consist a free toy for kids. For families the various outlets and meals which are best for take away should be considered. The company has made its atmosphere which is best for students of school to chill with their friends and can go for a dine at McDonalds (Kotler Armstrong, 2013). Psychographic Segmentation: It is concerned with convenience and lifestyle. The company should adopt the lifestyle and convenience of the Australian consumers, as Australia has a large number of non-vegetarian population, so the company should come up with something new and innovative which consist items like chicken fried burger. The consumer should consider the place to relax and also for entertainment then only the company can enhance its growth in effective manner (Galician, 2013). Behavioral Segmentation: It is concerned with Occasions like birthday party for the kids. The company can get easily attract more customers by whom they can easily get the large share of Australian fast food industry, but the main emphasis should be given on targeting techniques. The company should take into consideration the mindset and the taste of consumers in the market. To get the benefits over the competitors the company should introduce new and innovative products which can be based on low cholesterol. In Australia the company faces so much of competition that is should give emphasis on variation of its products enhancement in market size by executing the penetration strategy of pricing in which the products can be introduced in the lower price (Salar Salar, 2014). By this the objectives can be attained and there can be increase in the deals and total revenue even in the future. The company should target the children and teenagers more. By positioning also the company can easily attain the target in effective manner. By this there can be enhancement in the marketing objectives and in the sales and total revenue. The company should implement arranging techniques to create a new image in the consumers mind about the company. McDonalds should take into consideration the current approach which they are following and also the latest advertising with i s concerned with the good messages (Samnani, 2014). The advertising of the company should give focus on the qualities about the products the company is giving to its consumers. Positioning is a method by which the company can create an image in the consumers attention by which the consumers can easily analyze the exclusivity about the product when the comparison is made with the competitors. In Australia positioning of the company has been focused as a restaurant for families. Now the company should target the kids by presenting new advertising toys with the products such as Happy Meal. The adults should be given target because they can pay for the quality and various goods that are offered by the company (Grn Dolnicar, 2016). Organization Objectives and Goals Mission statement: To be our customers favorite place and a way to eat with the good people who are delighted with every client with the unmatched quality, service, quality and value every time. The company wants to be the best food industry in the Australian market. The team give you an opportunity to be a part of our team and give yourself and chance to grow with the family that can create smiles on the faces of millions people (Puzakova, Kwak Bell, 2015). The company believes that customer perception is considered as a one thing which always guarantees the success of the product. So the strategies of marketing are designed with a view of customer perspective. IT is seen that the there are many innovative products that are not successful in the market just due to the incapability of making a strong perception in the mind of consumers. The company brings the hopes for its clients. The brand mission of the company is to be the customers favorite place and also a good way to eat and drink. The operations that are globally aligned around the strategy should be called as the plan to Win, which takes into consideration people, products, place, price and promotion (Keiningham, Gupta, Aksoy Buoye, 2014). Objective related with sales The main objective of the company is to enhance the sale so that the profitability can be enhanced in effective manner. The main objective of the company is to be the place where people enjoy more to spend their time. The company objective is to attract more and more customers towards the company so that the sales can be enhanced in effective manner. The sales should be increased by promotions, because promotion is the best medium through which the company can induce the customers to buy a product. McDonalds have an great advantage through which the sales can be enhanced efficiently. The company has an objective to enhance and improve their menu. This will attract more and more customers and also help to satisfy the customers (Osman, Johns Lugosi, 2014). Objective related with Market share The main objective of the company is to cover large market share in the market, so that the goals and objective can be attained in effective manner. If the company tries to expand its market and provide quality product to its consumers then it is very simple to enhance the growth of the organization. The more the market share attained by the company, the more will be the profit achieved by the company. It is very essential to cover a large area market so that company can enhance its market growth in effective manner. The company should give more on enhancing the quality so that the more customers are attracted towards the product in effective manner. If the market share of the company is more, then the profitability of the company will be enhanced in effective manner (Armstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler, 2014). Strategy and Tactics Product: The Company should give main emphasis on the menu which attracts the customers towards the company. The needs and wants of the customers changes from time to time. So the company should take into consideration the products that are needed by the company. In the Australian market the non-veg food is more preferred, so the company should see this that the product is according to the need of the customers. The company should introduce new and innovative product and should phase out the old one. The Non veg varieties should be offered in the market so that customer get induced and buy the product (Aaker Biel, 2013). Price: The value of the product is a major aspect for the customers before buying the product. The product is rated according to the perception of the consumer mindset. The main threat of using low price as a marketing tool is that in which customer can think that the quality is been compromised. It is very essential at the time of deciding the price as it is important to be aware about the brand and integrity. The company should start the strategy of giving the value meals in a range of process and also the affordability of the customers should be considered. For example: if a consumer eats with the Mcaloo Tikki then he will use it and same is with the Non Veg. The company should also provide a range of entry level products to its consumers (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2015). Promotion: Promotion is also considered as an important part to enhance the growth of the company. Promotion includes advertising which is conducted on television, online, newspaper. There are many various promotional methods like sales promotion, point of sale display and direct mail. The company gives main focus on the children and teenagers. So the advertisement should be based on happy meal with a toy should be given. There are various schemes that should introduced by the company like lucky draws and also scratch cards which should be given when a consumer place an order. The company should maintain the strategy of promotion with the highest spending marketing by comparing with the competitors. Attractive taglines should be used by the company so that the customer gets attracted towards the product (Stephen Yakov, 2015). Place: Place plays an essential role. It is not only concerned with the physical location or with the point of distribution for products. It takes into consideration the various processes which are involved in bringing the product to the consumers. The company outlet is spread throughout the cities which make them very accessible and easy to reach to the consumers (De Mooij, 2013). The company should locate its outlet at the place where it caters huge population. If the outlet is a place where everyone can reach in easy way then the objectives and goals can be attained in effective manner. If the outlet is situated at the corner of the city, then it will create difficulty for the customers to go there. It can affect the sales of the company. So the outlet should be located at the center of the city (Wang Chang, 2016). Conclusion By analyzing this report, it is concluded that for expansion the company should follow proper marketing strategies. If the marketing strategy is in place then there are many responsibilities which are given to different individuals so that the plan can be implemented in effective manner. The systems should be put in place so that the feedback of the market can be attained and measured against the targets which are for short term. McDonalds should assure that this is done with the tight controlled and finite marketing budget. The fast food industry in Australia is concerned with the changing lifestyles of thee young population. The strategies which are discussed in this report should be implemented effectively, so that the company can easily attain the goals and objectives of the organization. McDonalds is considered as the famous leading food service brand with the retailer of more than 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries serving 46 million customers each day. The company should prov ide good quality product, because for expansion it is the main element which is considered by the company. The company should manage its employees also in effective manner, so that they can work with their full dedication. References Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Brentari, E., Dancelli, L., Manisera, M. (2016). Clustering ranking data in market segmentation: a case study on the Italian McDonald's customers preferences.Journal of Applied Statistics,43(11), 1959-1976. Chari, S., Katsikeas, C. S., Balabanis, G., Robson, M. J. (2014). Emergent marketing strategies and performance: The effects of market uncertainty and strategic feedback systems.British Journal of Management,25(2), 145-165. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Galician, M. L. (2013).Handbook of product placement in the mass media: New strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Routledge. Galician, M. L. (2013).Handbook of product placement in the mass media: New strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Routledge. Grn, B., Dolnicar, S. (2016). Response style corrected market segmentation for ordinal data.Marketing Letters,27(4), 729-741. Keiningham, T., Gupta, S., Aksoy, L., Buoye, A. (2014). The high price of customer satisfaction.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), 37. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2013). Principles of Marketing (16th Global Edition). Osman, H., Johns, N., Lugosi, P. (2014). Commercial hospitality in destination experiences: McDonald's and tourists' consumption of space.Tourism Management,42, 238-247. Paul, R., Roy, S. K. (2014). Case Study 11: Marketing of Services: The McDonalds Way. InMarketing Cases from Emerging Markets(pp. 99-112). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Percy, L. (2014).Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Puzakova, M., Kwak, H., Bell, M. (2015). Beyond seeing mcdonald's fiesta menu: The role of accent in brand sincerity of ethnic products and brands.Journal of Advertising,44(3), 219-231. Sachdeva, A. (2015). Evaluation and selection of differentiation as a strategy for McDonalds. Salar, M., Salar, O. (2014). Determining pros and cons of franchising by using SWOT analysis.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,122, 515-519. Samnani, A. (2014). Macro-Environmental Factors Effecting Fast Food Industry.Food Science and Quality Management,31, 2225-0557. Stephen, A. T., Yakov, B. (2015). Social Media Marketing: Principles and Strategies. Wang, F. F., Chang, T. M. (2016). Causal Effect Analysis of Visual Management on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention Using McDonalds as an Example. InProceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation(pp. 1123-1134). Atlantis Press, Paris. Wang, W. C., Silva, M. M. S., Moutinho, L. (2016). Modelling Consumer Responses to Advertising Slogans through Artificial Neural Networks.International Journal of Business and Economics,15(2), 89.

Euthanasia Essays (2883 words) - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Euthanasia Ethics in Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide There are numerous controversial issues that currently affect the evolving field of psychology. Unsolved issues on human experimentation, abortion, genetic testing, animal rights are a few examples of themes that arouse conflict and contention. Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted suicide is yet another controversial issue that has particular relevance to the field of psychology because of the apparent moral and ethical dilemmas involved. Euthanasia, by definition ?a happy death,? implies an easy or painless death. The purpose of this procedure is usually to end suffering analogous to the phrase ?mercy killing,? the practice of putting to death a persons suffering from incurable conditions or diseases. This subject brings to discussion one of the oldest and most controversial issues in the practice of modern medicine. On one side of the argument, Euthanasia would appear to be contradicting the Hippocratic oath, which proscribes inducing death, even if it is requested by the patient. On the contrary, medicine could be referred to as the practice that not only prevents death, but enhances the quality of life through prevention of suffering. The issue of assisted suicide also stimulates the debate of legality versus situation ethics. Should jurors, in physician-assisted suicide cases involving Dr. Jack Kervorkian, vote on grounds that empathy and compassion takes precedence over the letter of the law? Antithetically, should the juror take the conventional or legalist perspective and enforce the law as not allowing room for such compassion? Is it is morally permissible for individuals to end their lives when they no longer wish to go on living or suffering? This central question of assisted suicide directly relates to the worries of how society would be impacted if Euthanasia were to be legalized. In addition to the societal impact of legalizing such a procedure, does this violate the ethical codes of the practice of medicine? These are some of the obvious and reoccurring questions in the controversial ethics pertaining to Euthanasia. The controversial issues of Euthanasia have direct relevance to the field of psychology in the judgment of whether or not an individual is ?competent? to make such a determination to end their life. For an example, clinical and counseling psychologists often are consulted by physicians regarding DNR (Do Not Recesitate) orders to examine the psychological stability of the patient to make a life ending decision. Additional parallels that relate psychology to Euthanasia are an individual's moral development and how it effects their decision making process' in relation to moral dilemmas in the law. Everyone is put in situations where they are forced to form an opinion that potentially goes against an accepted or legal policy. Psychology examines and theorizes how people may react in such a situation as well as analyzes the varying factors that may lead up to an individual's decision in such a predicament. Examples of this, relevant to Euthanasia, would be jurors sitting in on an assisted suicide case such as those obtaining to Dr. Jack Kevorkian. In this situation, the jurors were faced with the psychological decision to either declare that it is wrong to assist in one's death because it is legally prohibited. Or, on the contrary, that the suffering and pain of a terminally ill patient was ended allowing the patient to die in a peaceful manner; delineating that the action should be deemed honorable due to its inherent value rather than its consequences. There are various types of Euthanasia that must be explained before further discussing the topic. If the act is undertaken at the explicit request of a competent patient, it is defined as voluntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is when this action is carried out without the explicit request of the individual, also known as murder. Those who argue against physician-assisted suicide primarily base their justification on the moral probity of the medical profession. There are many worries that go along with the legalization of euthanasia. In the Netherlands, euthanasia has already been legalized and is being practiced. Some of the frequent concerns are the possible pressuring of patients into consenting, especially those without health insurance or financial support. Economic and financial hardships could potentially play a major factor with the unjust persuasion of an individual into such a procedure. The Netherlands,

Free Essays on The Prophecy

â€Å"THE PROPHECY† AND HOW TWO DIFFERENT CHARACTERS CAN BUILD AN EVERLASTING FRIENDSHIPâ€Å" The prophecy† is a short story written by the Indian Anjana Appachana in the 90’s. This story is about the friendship between two seventeen year old Indian girls, and how they try to face the pregnancy of one of them. â€Å"The prophecy† is set in a modern Indian upper class society, but we can still see the differences between a traditional style of living, influenced by the British Colonialism and the Indian society; and a more modern and liberal style of living influenced by the Western society. All these differences are represented in Hemu ´s and Amrita’s characters respectively. Hemu is much more traditional, rational and we could think that a better friend than Amrita. In what most Hemu and Amrita differ is in their values; as Hemu is much more conservative in hers than Amrita. Hemu thinks that virginity should last until marriage, â€Å"if it happened before marriage he would not respect me†, she says. This makes her also worry whether Rakesh (the father of the baby Amrita is going to have), respects Amrita or not. Hemu also sees the family in a traditional way; she wants to get married and she thinks that â€Å"marriage would be that wondrous path of rapid heartbeats and unending, intimate discoveries†. She is anxious about marriage and what she first asks Chachaji, the astrologer, is if she is going to get married, and if it’s going to happen in a short time. In contrast, Amrita is much more liberal, independent, modern and adventurous. Amrita obviously doesn’t think of having relations before marriage as a bad thing; she doesn’t want to get married; she wants to be a journalist and wants to travel acro ss the world. But for Hemu, marriage is the solution to Amrita’s problems and she â€Å"didn’t understand at all† why she doesn’t want to... Free Essays on The Prophecy Free Essays on The Prophecy â€Å"THE PROPHECY† AND HOW TWO DIFFERENT CHARACTERS CAN BUILD AN EVERLASTING FRIENDSHIPâ€Å" The prophecy† is a short story written by the Indian Anjana Appachana in the 90’s. This story is about the friendship between two seventeen year old Indian girls, and how they try to face the pregnancy of one of them. â€Å"The prophecy† is set in a modern Indian upper class society, but we can still see the differences between a traditional style of living, influenced by the British Colonialism and the Indian society; and a more modern and liberal style of living influenced by the Western society. All these differences are represented in Hemu ´s and Amrita’s characters respectively. Hemu is much more traditional, rational and we could think that a better friend than Amrita. In what most Hemu and Amrita differ is in their values; as Hemu is much more conservative in hers than Amrita. Hemu thinks that virginity should last until marriage, â€Å"if it happened before marriage he would not respect me†, she says. This makes her also worry whether Rakesh (the father of the baby Amrita is going to have), respects Amrita or not. Hemu also sees the family in a traditional way; she wants to get married and she thinks that â€Å"marriage would be that wondrous path of rapid heartbeats and unending, intimate discoveries†. She is anxious about marriage and what she first asks Chachaji, the astrologer, is if she is going to get married, and if it’s going to happen in a short time. In contrast, Amrita is much more liberal, independent, modern and adventurous. Amrita obviously doesn’t think of having relations before marriage as a bad thing; she doesn’t want to get married; she wants to be a journalist and wants to travel acro ss the world. But for Hemu, marriage is the solution to Amrita’s problems and she â€Å"didn’t understand at all† why she doesn’t want to...

Reflection on movie 500 years later Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection on 500 years later - Movie Review Example It would appear as if Africans then were willing and subservient slaves working for Europeans, but in actuality, they tried their best to rise above the horrible conditions they were pushed into. Somehow, it was just inopportune that they were helpless victims to those who had more power then, but all that is part of history now. Being able to view Elmina, said to be the slave colony in Ghana, and getting an idea of how slaves were treated, makes one shudder. Just imagining how they were placed in massive numbers in dungeons with steel plates on their necks, cuffs and ankles, and chains binding them together, creates an image that is so distressing, and it makes one wonder, why did these white people treat the Africans this way? What have they done to deserve this? What’s even ironic is that there is a church on this fortress; it makes you think how can these church-goers even bear to attend mass there knowing that the Africans were suffering in the dungeons in that area? Desp ite being the world’s 2nd largest continent – and possibly even one of the richest, because of their natural resources, one of which is diamonds – Africa has a dark history of slavery behind it which is said to be so deeply-ingrained that even the Africans themselves have a distorted view of what they perceive to be â€Å"the true, the good and the beautiful†. This occurrence is highly-expected due to the long-term bondage and subjection to foreign influences by different countries. Africa was an unwilling pawn in this game, and yet it has received the least desired effects which are still felt up to the present day. As one of the resource persons in the documentary states, what took place in Africa 5 centuries before was one that was physical – the torture, the serfdom, the suffering and vulnerability. Currently, Africa is still deep in slavery, but more on mental enslavement, which is indeed very disturbing. This is made apparent in the following quote: â€Å"African people are the largest consumers of self-mutilation products; skin bleaching, hair straightening, artificial nails, false hair, etc.† This is the effect of the long-term exposure to the Western/European cultures and creating icons which are far removed from what Africans can actually see in the environment they are exposed to. Africans have lost their genuine love for what is truly of African origin and have totally embraced that which was merely fed to them by their Western brethren. What’s more, the act of accepting Western culture as part of being African has been further enriched by attaching negative connotations to the word Black – as evil, dark, ugly, dirty, sinister, etc. – which only served to even widen the gap between the two races. Hence, in trying to be White, the Blacks merely ended up throwing more mud on their faces – not really a great scenario. It is indeed quite unsettling to know that up to the present time , the false notion of White superiority over Blacks is still believed by most Africans. There is still that undeniable stereotype attached by blacks to whites, and vice-versa, and although it has significantly improved, it will still probably take some time to totally eradicate this principle. This, I think, is a common problem which persists among cultures which were colonized and subjected to foreign influe

Overall Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Overall Corporate Strategy - Essay Example This created separate corporate goals for the company but retail food business became the focus. Moreover, success in different markets led the company to further acquire businesses somewhat related and unrelated to its main portfolio. Hence, further diversifying in terms of products and geographical expansion of the company resulted in problems for managers, as they were unable to cope up with this rapid diversification. As a result, a retrenchment strategy was put into practice by the company to ensure that every business division is profitable. If not, then those failing businesses would be closed. This transforming strategy has given focus to front-line businesses, as these businesses have been the most profitable. Moreover, the food, beverages, and household businesses have good potential in terms of growth. Furthermore, the company is keen on making cost savings. To implement this, the company has introduced Project Accelerate, which includes cost savings techniques. Management believes that focusing on these promising businesses will save them loads of money, as these businesses are already well-positioned in the market and can increase the overall return on investment. Regarding the long-term attractiveness of industries in Sara Lee’s business portfolio, my analysis is that the retail industry and the food service industry have huge potential. Since Sara Lee has an established presence in the retail industry, it will definitely be able to increase its market share. The company is successful in supplying meat (retail) not only to consumers but also to foodservice customers. As a result, sales of meats have increased considerably. Moreover, the company is using its competitive advantage by using focusing on grocery items, which resulted in $100 million revenue to the company in 2008. Moreover, 10 out of 12 core products have recorded an increase in market share in 2010. However, between 2008 and 2010, the divisional sales of Sara Lee have grown faster than any other food processed company, as the market share of the company increased from 9.2% in 2009 to 12.3% in 2010.

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 2

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example Negligence is the primary cause of physical dangers. The most frequent physical hazards at a local gas station include fires, fuel spillage and electrical accidents. Carelessness at gas stations has led to explosions and fires that extend to another property. Electrical hazards could be in the form of improper wiring and frayed cords. Combination of electrical hazards and careless fuel handling is very detrimental. Chemical hazards include combustible and flammable gasoline and petrol. Local gas stations that have no standard safety measures for handling such products often risk explosions and fires (Bajcar et al., 2014). Lack of professionalism in handling fuels is dangerous. For instance, over filling leading to spillage or smoking at gas stations may cause fire. Natural hazards have no element of human involvement. The hazards are unpredictable and have devastating effects. Notably, natural hazards worsen already existing environmental hazards. For instance, excess solar radiation can generate enough heat to cause an explosion of gases at local stations. Fires at gas stations primarily arise from misbehaviour (Anejionu, Blackburn & Whyatt, 2015). People who create fire accidents are normally negligent and handle fuel products carelessly. For example, failure to follow manufacturer’s instructions, overfilling or keeping the engine on while fuelling is a risk. Apparently, human disorganization facilitates hazards particularly in situations where the hazard is difficult to control. Stopping fires is sometimes hard because of inadequate emergency protocols or incompetency. Anejionu, O. C., Blackburn, G. A., & Whyatt, J. D. (2015). Detecting gas flares and estimating flaring volumes at individual flow stations using MODIS data. Remote Sensing Of Environment, 15881-94. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.11.018 Bajcar, T., Cimerman, F., & Ã…  irok, B. (2014). Model for quantitative risk assessment on naturally ventilated metering-regulation stations for natural gas.

Analysing SME Policy in Ireland

Analysing SME Policy in Ireland Social Network Analysis CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Research Design The proposed design for this study is a flexible mixed-method design making use of both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis in order to understand and later analyse policy implementation networks for MSEs in Ireland, particularly concerning those in the Dublin 15 area. This approach was required for two reasons: 1) time and resource constraints; and 2) the literature reviewed for this research indicated that such an approach would provide better answers to the questions being asked. As shown in Table 1 below, this method was also important to establish the complimentary nature of the methods being used for the enquiry. For example, qualitative methods were required initially for content analysis of documents produced by the European Commission and the Dept. of Trade, Enterprise and Employment. However, a quantitative approach is given to the treatment of the relationships under investigation namely, mandatory and voluntary cooperation for policy implementation. Therefore, the following steps were taken for this particular research:- 1. Internet research for qualitative content analysis and name generation of policy actors and policies being made at both European and Irish levels; 2. Short open-ended qualitative interview with a major policy actor in Ireland for name generation of policy implementation actors; 3. Quantitative data collection and non-random sampling and estimate number of start-up companies in the Dublin 15 area; and 4. Data collection and analysis using Social Network Analysis methodology for all names generated to measure the effects of mandatory and voluntary cooperation among policy actors. Patience A follow-up interview with a key informant on the network composition and to confirm that the relationships drawn on the literature for policy implementation indeed existed in the manner they were in the questionnaire. In this case, a Head of Small Business Unit in the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment could confirm the relationship among the actors in the network from an ‘ego’ perspective and pros and cons for this approach will be discussed further in the methodology chapter. The table below gives an illustration of the design being used and it follows the design approach suggested by Creswell et alli 2003:- Table 1 – Sequential Research Design Implementation Priority Integration Theoretical Perspective Sequential – Qualitative first Quantitative At Data Collection   and Interpretation Explicit With Some Combination As mentioned earlier, this design draws on Creswell’s (2003) work about various research design approaches – with special attention to the use of mixed-methods in the human sciences. A rather overt and systematic use of the methods have grown in popularity and it is evidenced in the work entitled Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social Behavioral Sciences, launched in 2003 by Abbas Tashakkory and Charles Teddlie and from which Creswell derives most of his useful explanations on the advantages and weaknesses of such a design. In a flexible design, the researcher is given a greater freedom to change research questions as the research progresses since she would be rigidly attached to one philosophical paradigm or the other, but would find relevant to include those that make sense to the enquiry as it evolves. On the other hand, making use of both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis – whether they take place sequentially or concurrently, allows for a richer understanding and, hopefully, explanation of the problematic under investigation. Details of the methodologies and paradigms they are associated with are dealt with in the Methodology chapter. For this section is imperative now that the researcher makes the esteemed reader aware of the possible biases and the actions taken to deal with them. Bias statement It has been argued that bias is when systematic random or non-random errors are not accepted or acknowledged by the researcher at any point of her work, such as in the design, measurement, sampling, procedure, or choice of problem to be studied. Bias is also related to the accuracy of the information produced and reliability and validity may also be sacrificed, though not necessarily. Hammersley and Gomm (1997), however, assert that nonfoundationalist realism is rather appropriate for it neither relies on foundational epistemology nor it does on relativist and standpoint theory and its aims are to favour the production of knowledge rather than one’s political or personal agenda. According to these authors, foundationalism makes bias a rather evident matter in a research once the researcher’s ideological commitments are indentified as affecting research procedures hence compromising outcomes expected credibility. But bias is not as straightforward as foundationalists, according to them, would like it to be. In a nonfoundationlist realistic perspective, social researchers are not part of the phenomena they want to describe or explain nor can they construct phenomena through their accounts, but merely account for these realities and be judgemental of the influence that what they understand for established knowledge can have on their accounts of social r eality. (1997) In this research, in a foundationalist perspective, the biases that could possibly compromise the commitment with knowledge production is that:- 1) the researcher is a micro-entrepreneur from the vicinities; 2) her commitment with epistemological views of policy networks as ineffective given the predominant hierarchical structure and political agendas; 3) Snowball sampling technique may introduce bias for it may not represent a good cross section of the population investigated; and 4) Questionnaires sent to MSEs were not returned for reasons which will be explained in the Methodology chapter. This can also lead to incorrect conclusions. However, this is not an action research and the methodologies applied for enquiry on policy implementation networks aim to control for bias arising from the researchers’ own point of view regarding cooperation for the benefit of Small and Micro Enterprises in Dublin 15. Moreover, from a nonfoundationalistic realism view point, efforts were consciously made in order to avoid that knowledge so far taken as established in the field of cooperation among actors in policy networks compromises the knowledge produced by the evidence on cooperation among actors in this research. Taking the above into consideration, one of the methodologies used is a qualitative approach considering respondents’ representations of reality through a qualitative content analysis and qualitative techniques in social network analysis. Once data were generated, they were treated by using quantitative data analysis techniques and were converted into algebraic formulae reflecting responses given, i.e. whether a relation exists or not between two actors or more and if it is reciprocal one is a matter of replacing YES and NO answers, or in this case BLUE and RED arrows, for 1 and 0, respectively. This is not to say that social network analysis will serve as a complete assurance for validity and credibility, as questionnaire return rates and responses can indeed compromise it. It is hoped, however, that the weaknesses evident on this work are rather derivative from the very limited time afforded to Taught Masters students, effectively from May to August 2009, than from research bias. 1.2 Justification This work has a scientific and practical relevance and they are equally important as it is hoped that its findings and conclusion will not just add to the scientific knowledge but also reach the actors involved in policy implementation for micro and small enterprises in Ireland as well as those concerned with aspects of economic development. In the scientific sphere, this study will be initially guided by O’Toole’s (1997) work stressing the increasing complexity of networked settings in the public administration where he also urges for more empirical research to be conducted in order to comprehend the impact of such settings on policy implementation. This is also Blair’s (2002) views in his work on implementation networks in which he infers that complex systems formed by actors both coming from both the public and private sectors are assumed in now-a-days public administration. According to Blair, this will help measure the level of direct action by the government so to assess the complexity of such networks and he goes on to borrow from Alexander (1995) the concept of compulsory and voluntary links as the essence of policy implementation systems. Further to such concepts, the focus of this study is on mandatory and voluntary cooperation amongst MSEs stakeholders both in the public and private sectors. Having it all said, measuring service integration among agencies is not the objective of this study. Instead, it will try to leverage on social network analysis practice and theory to measure centrality, closeness, structural holes and brokerage (Freeman 1979; Burt 1995 and 2005). Other theorists, especially those whose studies are within social network analysis (Simmel 1995; Wellman 1983; Hanneman 2005), and regarding the bureaucratic aspect of the public administration (Weber 1978 and Blau 2006) and the (potential) social capital resulting from networks (Bourdieu 1986; Putnam 1995; and Fukuyama 1996) will also be used in the hope to complement existing literature on the topic. The above will, indeed, guide this study all the way through. 1.3 Chapter Outline CHAPTER III: LITERATURE REVIEW Defining the size of a business This research does not aim to be seen under the umbrella of business studies, but a sociological study of cooperation among policy implementation actors for policies in benefit of micro and small businesses in Ireland. Nevertheless, it is found pertinent to use business literature in order to outline the most commonly used definitions of business’ size according to factor inherent to its life cycle. The literature on organisation life cycle (OLC) has been found to be the most appropriate to define the size of a business. However, it is important to note that professionals used to working with businesses may find their own ways of defining business’ size and may as well widely disagree from the scholarly models created and widely used to date. The traditional models for sizing a company were given mostly in the 1980s first through conceptual works and eventually through empirical research which attempted to establish the phases of an organisation according to the environmental issues it faced throughout its existence (Rutherford et al. 2004). The literature consulted for this section has shown that one of the models that has been most cited and used as a reference is that created by Miller and Friesen (1984) whereby the organisation life cycle was divided into five phases: birth, growth, maturity, revival and decline (1984: 1162). These phases can be summarised according to the age, size and growth rate of the organisation. In summary, these phases were the birth phase for small companies, the growth phase for medium-sized companies, the maturity phase for larger organisations, the revival for very large and finally the decline phase for market size companies. The latter phase is linked with the decline in innovation and with environmental factors such as market dry-up. Meanwhile the earlier phases of the business are linked with the most innovative, although unstructured, stages of the organisation (1984: idem). Figure 2 below exemplifies the above:- Figure 2. Organisation life cycle (OLC) and its expected size per phase. The head count for the traditional models is shows as 0-4 persons employed in the birth phase, then 5-19 employees in the medium-sized firms and finally above 20 in the larger ones (Huang and Brown 1999 cf. Rutherford et al. 2004). Weaknesses of this model have been pointed by more recent works (Stubbart and Smalley 1990; Tichey 1980 cf. Rutherford, Buller and McMullen 2004) which took different views and approaches to establishing the different phases an organisation goes through. Other works making use of open-ended choices rather than forced-choice methods to identify an organisation’s problems according to its size, have found that obtaining external financing, internal financial management, economic environment and regulatory environment are problems often experienced by organisations in their start-up and growth phase (Terpstra and Olson 1993 cf. Rutherford, Buller and McMullen 2004) Taking definition from a different angle, the authors Rutherford et al. (2004) infer that other models have been created to overcome the weaknesses presented in previous models and the model by Kihenen (1990), which makes use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in order to depict rather realistic stages of an organisation given a series of other factors not limited to age, size and growth rate and it is similar to a cluster analysis and named as self-organising map (SOM). This model, different from traditional models, including the model created by Miller and Friesen (1984), does not force firms to fit into predetermined groups but allows for stages to fall into categories given by the data under study (2004: 328). Nevertheless, the traditional model remains imperative throughout their work and so it will throughout this work. The reason is twofold: a) the traditional definitions have been confirmed through empirical work and across countries; and b) it is assumed here that the proble ms faced by an organisation in each phase of its existence can be logically linked with the needs of these organisations for growth. Hence, policy-making and implementation, as it will be demonstrated later on, is more likely to follow traditional models than novel models. Though this is not to say that new findings on an organisation’s functioning will not be appreciated by policy actors. Moreover, taking into consideration the criticism on the traditional models it is therefore acknowledged that the adoption of traditional model is merely as starting point for reference given the insufficient time for the maturing of this study. Table 3 below shows the most common problems in organisations given their size and phase found by traditional models which have also been confirmed by more current studies utilising different organisational typology techniques:- Table 3. Problems helping establish the size and stage of an organisation. Problems Stage/Phase Headcount Newness, obtaining external finance, internal finance management, unstructured, informal, product development, economic and regulation environment, weak client base, owner/manager dominated. Birth/Start-up (Small firms) 0-4 employees Production efficiency and effectiveness, human resources management and re-organisation, economic and regulation environment. Growth (Medium-sized firms) 5-19 employees Maintaining growth momentum and market position, economic environment, production stagnation and lack of innovation, and employee retention. Stability/Maturity and Decline (Large firms) 20+ employees Source:Miller and Friesen 1984; Kazanjian 1988; Terpstra and Olson 1993 and Huang and Brown 1999 (cf. Rutherford et al. 2004). Conceptualising the phases and problems of organisations will help us understand the policies made in benefit of micro and small businesses in the European Union. However, a point in time must be made regarding the micro-enterprises that may not fit into the typology above given the ethos of their existence. In Europe, the crafts industry is within the definition for micro-enterprises as well as entrepreneurs in the rural areas. However, one should also consider the large number of self-employed professionals such as plumbers, carpenters, painters and also accountants whom may never expand their business, formalising it into a company hence adhering to the organisational life cycle above. Nevertheless, they too generate employment and tax revenue on top of their networked oriented business behaviour hence contributing to the country’s economy but as well as for social and local integration in Europe (European Commission’s SME Portal Observatory Report of European Enterprises 2003/7). Given the above, the needs for micro and small enterprises will vary according to their problems and other human aspects inherent of the cultural and social settings and mindset businesses are found. These settings have been acknowledged by the European Commission in providing assistance to groups widely seen as minorities in large scale businesses, but forming a large number among micro and small entrepreneurs, namely women and immigrants. The Concept of Policy Implementation Networks In policy network theory, implementation networks have been categorised and conceptualised mostly according to the context in which they have emerged in order to either reduce transaction costs or resolve problems effectively. Such a context will determine the resources and power that members will share on their way to achieve their shared goals or resolve their common problems (Provan and Milward 1995 and Bozer 1996). The subject of context is here defined as the ethos and habitus of policy implementation networks in general and they will be explained later on in this chapter. Modern states are now dealing with problems of greater complexity and this requires a superior level of negotiation and public participation in order for services to be delivered to the public as effectively as it is possible. For this reason, O’Toole (1997) asks researchers and public administrators to take networks more seriously and calls for a whole research agenda on the effects they have on hierarchical structures common to public agencies and ultimately affecting policy making, implementation and evaluation (O’Toole 1997; Provan and Milward 1995, 1998 and 2001; Bolzer 1996; and Sandstrà ¶m and Carlssson 2008, among others). The last decade saw a particular growth in research interest on policy implementation networks. Most of the work produced, once satisfied with the working concepts and theoretical frameworks on the subject, now concentrates on measuring implementation effectiveness from different angles and using different methods (idem). While O’Toole (1997 and 1999) remained mostly in the theoretical field hypothesising on management action in hierarchical structures (O’Toole and Meier 1999) and Bozer (1997) strived to conceptualise networks as forms of governance, others like Blair (2002) took the empirical road either by putting to test models created by O’Toole and Meier (1999) or utilised Social Network Analysis in order to analyse networks for what they really are, social structures with interdependent interests (ibidem). As to the initial theoretical framework for policy implementation networks, O’Toole and Meier (1999) created models for managerial action in public administration taking into account the prevailing hierarchical structure of public agencies. For them, networks are of great help to public servants and they see the two structures, linear and non-linear, as poles of a continuum related to buffering in the interests of stability (1999: 510). However, it is important to note that the emphasis of their work is on improving hierarchical systems rather than replacing them for networks since the authors see the informal and inconsistent nature of networks as a weak structure for buffering environmental issues common to policy implementation or service delivery while they also believe that a hierarchical system can maximise management resources more than networks as the latter demands more of such resources in order to maintain reciprocal ties. Though, they do acknowledge that not all networks have inconsistent relationships and have achieved stability by sharing a consistent policy agenda away from a hierarchical habitus, e.g. US farmers’ network, borrowing the term in italics from Tocqueville (2004: 329). Blair (2002), on the other hand, deals with empirical quantitative research on policy implementation in the field of economic development by studying the so-called Enterprise Zones in Southern United States, very popular in the 1990s, especially during Reagan’s second term in presidency. He makes use of policy tools theory and methodology while also drawing from O’Toole and Meier’s (1999) conceptual framework and models for public management in policy systems to formulate his three major hypotheses that aim at measuring the level of direct government intervention in service delivery systems for Enterprise Zones in distressed areas. The first hypothesis states that less government direct intervention means more complex implementation networks, while the second hypothesis continues from the first by asserting that less government participation also means that more actors are involved in implementation, especially private and non-profit organisations. Finally, the third hypothesis, which will later provide the most confounding findings, posits that the private sector takes a greater role in implementing programs in economic development policy networks (2002:170). The first two hypotheses were validated by the findings and agreed with the theoretical concept framework by O’Toole and Meier (1999) on the structure of new policy implementation systems. However, the third hypothesis for which he expected a negative correlation between private and public participation in implementation, he, in fact, obtained a positive one. His findings indicated that the more active is government intervention in the EZs investigated, the more participative businesses were in implementing the programs. However, this finding, according to Blair, does not contradict what had been theorised by O’Toole and Meier’s (1999) (cf. Blair 2002), but he classifies O’Toole’s (1997) system as the old implementation system and the later as the new system. Although policy tools theory is one good way of measuring government intervention in economic development, other approaches may also provide fruitful findings and ways of analysing policy implementation networks. Bozer (1997), for example, explains that policy networks are conceived as a particular form of governance in modern policy systems (Kenis and Schneider 1991; Kooiman 1993; Mayntz 1994, cf. Bozer 1997). In fact, she notes that their main focus is on problem-solving and not on intermediating interests. Any cooperative game members play in order to negotiate strategies to arrive at a solution and based not only on mutual goals, but mostly on communication and trust while acknowledging that their values, ideas and identities are essential to the network. Therefore, Bozer understands:- Policy networks as ‘webs of relatively stable and ongoing relationships which mobilise and pool dispersed resources so that collective (or parallel) action can be orchestrated toward the solution of a common policy’ (Kenis Schneide 1993: 36 cf. Bozer 1993:5). A policy network includes all actors involved in the formulation and implementation of a policy in a policy sector. They are characterised by predominantly informal interactions between public and private actors with distinct but interdependent interests, who strive to solve problems of collective action on a central, non-hierarchical level. (Bozer 1997: idem) She asserts that scholars whom have dedicated their work to see these network members as rational actors, following a horizontal self-coordination, may forget to include some of the main aspects making for such networks in the first place. For Bozer, looking at the intermediation position that networks can have, one may realise that policy-making can be ‘blocked by dissent’ and create what she sees as the ‘bargaining dilemma’ (or prisoner’s dilemma) where ‘defection from cooperation is more rewarding than compliance for a rational actor, owing to the risk of being cheated’. (1997:4) The exception exists when ‘bargaining is voluntary’. As approaches to research change over time and so do concepts and theoretical frameworks on policy implementation networks. Though, most references analysed for this work, showed that there is more of a convergence of knowledge on the topic rather than any radical change. It was noted, however, that works on the subject matter have become more and more empirical and it was found that using structural analysis has proved rather fruitful for a much needed progression on studying it. Aside policy tools, strategic decisions and interest intermediation to share resources and increase productivity and effectiveness, networks are social structures where norms are created and crystallised or otherwise and as such they must be analysed for their properties, the opportunities (advantages) and constraints (disadvantages) that these properties can originate. In other words, since networks are dynamic social structures, the questions asked, either to understand their modus operandi or more so to measure their effectiveness, refer to how actors organise themselves to problem-solving and what are the properties that this can originate. This seems to be the approach taken by a recent study on four policy networks in the educational system in Sweden by Sandstrà ¶m and Carlssson (2008). They acknowledge the organisational roots of policy network theory and from which important concepts have emerged, such as advocacy coalitions, implementation structures, iron triangles, issue networks, policy communities, and subgovernments (Sabatier Jenkins-Smith 1993; Hjern Porter 1993; Jordan Schubert 1992; Heclo 1978; Jordan 1990; Rhodes 1990; cf. Sandstrà ¶m and Carlssson 2008). Nevertheless, their research is justified by the reasons mentioned earlier, being a lack of substantive empirical work using the methods of social network analysis to study policy networks, since only network theorists in different disciplines (Sociology, Political Science, Business Administration etc.) have been interested in the social capital derived from network properties and which is capable of evaluating outcomes and performance. The authors concluded that their theoretical and methodological approach, as aforementioned, proved fruitful for the understanding of policy networks as a structural process where heterogeneity and centralisation are beneficial to network performance whereas structural holes (poorly or non-connected actors) should be avoided when the objective is to achieve efficiency (2008:517). In this view, concepts and knowledge generated by their study converge with those generated by previous works mentioned earlier in a complimentary manner. Evidently, there are several theoretical and empirical works making valuable contribution to the conceptualisation and setting an ever richer theoretical framework to rely on. However, given the short time given for this research, we will settle for what was seen as some of the most useful works with which to begin with. The ethos and habitus of policy implementation networks After contemplating some of the most prominent and recent concepts and theories on policy implementation networks and having touched on the subject of context, we now proceed to further the discussion on the latter beginning with seminal works on bureaucracy, the original ethos of public policy making and an aspect of the context which policy networks can be found. After that it will be discussed the idea of habitus as conceived by Tocqueville on his work about the associational ability of North Americans in the United States of his times. Beginning with the former, Max Webber interpreted the bureaucratic organisation by using terms such as money economy (for its existence), but also stability and rigidity as forming the ‘mechanised bureaucratic apparatus’ while emphasising its ‘technical superiority over every other form’. (1978:345-50) In parallel to contemporary public administration systems, the bureaucratic systems conceived by Weber had similar reasons to evolve and proliferate, being the always increasing complexity in administration, pressure from interested parties for social policy and willingness by the state to increase efficiency while reducing transaction costs. Still according to Weber, authority and hierarchy are also essential to the universe occupied by the public office. However, networked systems, although still embedded in bureaucracy, being hierarchy its essence, would not posses the same strictness and uniformity. As we have seen earlier, this is not to say that todayâ⠂¬â„¢s public administration cannot achieve stability through ways other than hierarchy. (O’Toole and Meier 1999) However, it is well known that Weber came from a rather theoretical perspective, which is the opposite of Peter Blau’s (1963) case, whom has written an entire book on the American bureaucratic system as a result of his ethnographical work in the 1950s. For Blau, this type of social organisation could not be defined merely through hypotheses, but was rather the subject of empirical investigation. Moreover, he opted to see bureaucracy as an orchestrated effort of public officials to ‘transform exceptional problems into routine duties of experts’. (Hughes 1951, cf. Blau, 1963:251) In fact, Blau acknowledges that the bureaucratic system in Germany during Weber’s times were very different from the same system on Blau’s times, especially if we consider they also refer to different countries, hence of different cultures. Even if we accept that expertise, or specialism, has been the raison d’à ªtre of public administration (again, for transaction cost reduction and efficiency’s sake), social interaction among servants are always changing and recurrent cooperation among workmates and just not friends would help contribute to the emergence of the new ethos of policy implementation networks. (Blau 1963:259; Bozer 1997) Therefore, one can hypothesise that repeated social interaction among individuals within the same group or organisation will lead to cooperative behaviour and as Bozer (1997) has inferred, such interactions combined with the notion of good communication

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano Essay -- Slave

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olauda Equiano The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Finally, we hear an insider's view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans. Olaudah spends a good part of the narrative acquainting the reader with the customs of his people. He describes the importance of hygiene to his people. Their overall health and vigor was helped by their penchant for cleanliness, and it makes them seem more "advanced." This is an interesting development considering the problems that a lack of hygiene can lead to. His description of a wedding also seems very modern, but the importance of dance in the festivities shows another facet of Olaudah's people. The dance defined the different groups within their village. First, and most important, were the married men, followed by married women, single men, and lastly unmarried women. The groups also used the dance to relate stories or tell events that were important to them. This practice probably also strengthened the bonds within the groups. Olaudah also wrote about the division of chores within his village. The women were responsible for the spinning and weaving, and the men took care of the building. It is interesting to note the similarity of their dress, and the fact that both men and women joined in battle when the village was at war. They did not, however, sleep in the same ... ...rall his treatment was very good; one master even carried him when he was too tired to walk! In sharp contrast to that treatment was the treatment he describes at the hands of Europeans. In his own words, they treat him with "brutal cruelty." They seem to have a callous disregard for their captives, and treat them like vicious animals. From his description of the voyage, how the prisoners were stowed, and the way they were treated we gain proof that these Europeans felt the Africans were less than human. Overall, the narrative by Olaudah Equiano is a great first-hand look at the lives of some of the millions of people who were transported to other countries. They became a commodity sought after as laborers by a people they had never seen. The narrative also shows the folly of the European belief that the Africans were savages and could be treated accordingly.

A day I will remember for the rest of my life! – Creative Writing

My name is John and I am a normal 15 year old boy attending school. I have a mother and a father, Susan and Jack and one sister called Molly. I thought we were all just a normal family and that nothing exciting or extra ordinary ever happens to people like us but I was wrong, very wrong. Well it all happened along time ago on one Monday afternoon, I was just threw the door home from school on my own as usual until five thirty. But as soon I had closed the door there was a knock on the door, so I went to answer but the man behind the door did not look familiar to me, I had never seen him before. He asked me was my mother or father at home and I told him that they were both still at work and would not be home until after 5 thirty. Next thing I know the man is pointing a gun at my head and tells me to move into the house. I was so scared I had never even seen a gun before never mind getting one pointed at me knowing that if I say one wrong thing to the man all he has to do is pull the trigger and that would be the end of me. The man then began to tie me up to the chair and began to talk to me he told me that all I had to do was keep quiet and not say a word, he told me that he did not want me he wanted my father. I then began to think to myself why would anybody come barging into our house with a gun looking for my father but before I could even finish thinking about it he began to tell me why he wanted my father. â€Å"Do you know who your father works for† he said and I told him â€Å"yes, he works for the government, he is a scientist† The man began to tell me how wrong I was about my father â€Å"Your dad is a scientist, that's true, but did you know that your dad is one of the best in the world? Did you know that your dad is working for the NWDF?† â€Å"The NWDF† I said to him confused â€Å"Yes he said the THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT FORCE and did you know that your father has recently just designed one of the most sophisticated and most deadly weapon ever dreamed about? In theory it is so deadly that if it was ever to be used it would wipe out the entire planet within a matter of hours† I was stunned I didn't know what to think and then†¦.. my father walked threw the door, and to his surprise he seen a man with a gun but the difference this time was that my father knew the man. â€Å"Edward† my father said in amazement, â€Å"What in the name of God do you think you are doing† â€Å"I am doing what I should have done along time ago, Jack , I'm taking back what is rightfully mine and which you have received all the credit, fame and gratitude for. I'm taking back the prototype for the Nuclear detonation programme. He held a gun to my fathers head and ordered him to get it but my father refused. † â€Å"How dare you Edward I treated you like a father when you came to NWDF I showed and taught you everything you know and this is what I receive in return† My father said â€Å"You can say what you like Jack but I will be taking back what is rightfully mine I designed it and you took all my plans and made the device knowing what it was capable off and what it could do if it ever got into the hands of the wrong person, now I will show you all what MY device can do† The man continued, he then dragged my father into the other room, all I could hear was the constant screaming and impounding thuds as if they were fighting, from the room for a couple of minutes and next thing it stopped and went quiet, a very scary and tense quiet and then I heard it. A Gunshot, I was screaming, â€Å"DAD, DAD† I roared but there was no reply I roared roared and roared but still no reply. He's dead I thought to myself DEAD!!! I was very very, very scared I did not know what to think and then†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. My father came out from the room. But he was unharmed!! I thought to myself well then who got shot and then my father began to cry!!! I had to, I had to shot him if not god knows what could have happened. Dad came over to me and began to untie me, as soon as I was free he immediately told me to ring the police and I did and within minutes the were her with ambulances and squad cars. My father told the police man what had happened and before he could finish dad's boss entered the house and began to demand answers to what happened. My dad began to tell him and once he had finished explaining, dad's boss told him that he had done the right thing, done what he had to do and possibly saved many lives. My dads boss began to talk to the police and within minutes the were gone, and the house we quiet but myself and dad stunned by the whole ordeal were not going to talk about this incident at all, that was the e nd of it. A couple of weeks after the whole thing my dad resigned, told the company he had enough and that he wanted to spend to time with his children and wife and they accepted his resignation considering the circumstances, and so we are all a happy normal family again but with a story this time.